2007-12-31-世界卫生组织-2008_GYTS_Fact_Sheet_Zimbabwe_Bulawayo_1页_38kb

Zimbabwe-Bulawayo Global Youth Tobacco Survey (GYTS) Summary

Core Content

The Zimbabwe-Bulawayo Global Youth Tobacco Survey (GYTS) is a school-based survey conducted in 2008, targeting students aged 13-15. It aimed to assess the prevalence of tobacco use and the influence of various determinants on smoking behavior, providing essential data for developing a comprehensive tobacco control program.

The survey employed a two-stage cluster sampling method, ensuring representative data across the region. Schools were selected based on their enrollment size, and classes were randomly chosen. The overall response rate was 75.9%, with 986 students participating.

Main Findings

Tobacco Use Prevalence

• 9.9% of students had ever smoked cigarettes.
• 11.1% currently use any tobacco product.
  • Boys: 14.1%
  • Girls: 8.4%
• 2.3% currently smoke cigarettes.
  • Boys: 3.7%
  • Girls: 1.1%
• 9.9% currently use other tobacco products.
  • Boys: 12.3%
  • Girls: 7.7%
• 23.9% of never smokers are likely to initiate smoking in the next year.

Knowledge and Attitudes

• 50.3% believe that boys who smoke have more friends.
• 32.3% think that girls who smoke have more friends.
• 20.2% believe that boys who smoke look more attractive.
• 13.4% think that girls who smoke look more attractive.

Exposure to Secondhand Smoke (SHS)

• 22.6% live in homes where others smoke in their presence.
• 47.9% are exposed to smoke in public places outside their home.
• 61.6% believe smoking should be banned in public places.
• 48.4% think secondhand smoke is harmful to them.
• 17.4% have one or more parents who smoke.
• 4.5% have most or all friends who smoke.

Media and Advertising

• 74.1% have seen anti-smoking media messages in the past 30 days.
• 68.7% have seen pro-cigarette ads on billboards.
• 62.6% have seen pro-cigarette ads in newspapers or magazines.
• 12.5% own an object with a cigarette brand logo.
• 10.0% have been offered free cigarettes by a tobacco company representative.

School Curriculum

• 50.7% have been taught about the dangers of smoking in class.
• 31.0% have discussed reasons for smoking in class.
• 48.1% have been taught about the effects of tobacco use.

Key Determinants of Tobacco Use

The survey identified five key determinants that influence tobacco use among youth in Zimbabwe-Bulawayo:

1. Access and Price: The availability and affordability of tobacco products play a role in use patterns.
2. Exposure to Secondhand Smoke (SHS): Students are moderately exposed to SHS, both at home and in public.
3. Cessation: Awareness of the need to quit is present, but the data on cessation efforts is limited.
4. Media and Advertising: Pro-smoking advertisements are widespread, while anti-smoking messages are also visible.
5. School Curriculum: Educational efforts on tobacco use are ongoing but not universally implemented.

Highlights

• Tobacco use is relatively common, with over 1 in 10 students currently using any tobacco product.
• SHS exposure is moderate, with a significant portion of students being exposed to smoke in both home and public environments.
• Public opinion favors smoking bans, with over 60% believing that smoking should be prohibited in public places.
• Media influence is significant, with a high percentage of students exposed to both pro and anti-smoking messages.
• Schools play a role in tobacco education, though not all students are adequately informed about the risks of smoking.

Conclusion

The GYTS data highlights the need for targeted tobacco control interventions in Zimbabwe-Bulawayo, particularly focusing on reducing exposure to SHS, limiting the influence of pro-smoking media, and enhancing school-based education on the health risks of tobacco use. The findings also underscore the importance of addressing social norms and peer influence in preventing youth initiation into smoking.