世界银行-解决基于性别的暴力以加速两性平等（英）-2023-33页_1mb

Analysis and Summary of Gender-Based Violence (GBV) Prevention and Response

This Gender Thematic Policy Note highlights GBV as a major barrier to achieving development goals, including gender equality, and emphasizes the need for integrated prevention and response strategies.

Key Findings:

1. GBV Scope and Impacts:

   • Globally, one in three women experiences intimate partner violence (IPV) or non-partner sexual violence.
   • GBV has devastating effects:
     • Impairs women's educational, health, and economic opportunities.
     • Contributes to decisions with long-term negative outcomes, such as child marriage or reduced female labor force participation.
     • Increases financial risks for businesses through reduced productivity, higher employee turnover, and liability.
     • Exact economic costs are high but often underestimated due to underreporting and limited data.

2. Evidence-Based Prevention and Response:

   • Effective interventions include:
     • Economic/Social Empowerment: Programs combining economic support with life skills, parenting training, etc. (Bandiera et al., 2020; Kapiga et al., 2019).
     • Parenting/Couple Interventions: Training parents/guiding men toward equitable relationships/reduced violence (Ashburn et al., 2017; Doyle et al., 2018).
     • Community Engagement/School-Based Programs: Such as SASA! and Indashyikirwa, promoting positive norms; violence prevention curricula like Good School Toolkit (Devries et al., 2015).
   • Specific program areas show effectiveness when rigorously designed, but many research gaps need filling. Stand-alone interventions like brief counseling or campaigns are generally ineffective (Kerr-Wilson et al., 2020). Bystander interventions show mixed results.

3. World Bank Operational Experience:

   • Significant growth in GBV-related operations (38 in 2013 to 390 in 2023).
   • Portfolio focuses on:
     • Strengthening systems and services for survivors.
     • Challenging harmful social norms through integrated interventions.
     • Promoting women's economic empowerment by addressing barriers.
     • Building national legal frameworks and policies.
   • IFC actively engages the private sector on GBV, particularly regarding workplace safety and shifting norms.
   • Investments in research and evidence base, exploring innovative financing and monitoring.

4. Recommendations:

   • Strategic: Foster shared understanding and prioritize GBV prevention; institute capacity building for staff/responses; link with SEA/SH work; strengthen coordination mechanisms; collaborate effectively even in FCV contexts; partner strongly with RWsOs; engage the private sector vital roles.
   • Operational/Programmatic: Promote evidence-based interventions; invest in robust M&E and evidence generation; apply gender transformative norms; consolidate SEA/SH mitigation efforts.

Conclusion:
Eliminating GBV is crucial for development, human capital protection, economic empowerment, and ethical reasons. However, research gaps, underreporting, and implementation challenges remain. Addressing GBV requires multi-sectoral, coordinated, and sustained efforts involving governments, development partners, international organizations, civil society, and the private sector.