亚开行-确保东南亚的健康（英）-2025.2_100页_845kb

Securing Health in Southeast Asia: A Report on COVID-19 Vaccination Programs

Introduction

This document summarizes ADB's technical assistance (TA 6767) program to support enhanced COVID-19 vaccination and post-pandemic health security in selected Southeast Asian countries. Seven developing member countries—Cambodia, Indonesia, Lao PDR, Philippines, Thailand, and Viet Nam—participated in the analysis.

Summary

Key Insights

1. COVID-19 Impact: The pandemic posed unprecedented threats to health systems. Countries rapidly mobilized resources and leveraged partnerships to ensure vaccination coverage.

2. Regional Cooperation:

   • ASEAN mutual recognition agreements facilitated regulatory harmonization for vaccine approvals.
   • Vietnam and Thailand demonstrated leadership in local vaccine development and manufacturing.

3. Procurement & Logistics:

   • Proactive procurement through direct negotiations with manufacturers enabled rapid vaccine acquisition.
   • Effective cold chain management was crucial for vaccine distribution.

4. Communication Strategies:

   • Addressing vaccine hesitancy through targeted campaigns focused on credibility, complacency, and convenience.
   • Multi-stakeholder engagement, including media, civil society, and influencers, enhanced public trust.

5. Technology Integration:

   • Digital health tools streamlined vaccination registration, tracking, and reporting across countries.
   • Interoperability and data management remain challenges for sustainable digital health infrastructure.

6. Public-Private Partnerships:

   • The Philippines Task Force T3 exemplified successful public-private collaboration in logistics and communication.
   • Vietnam and Thailand utilized private sector innovation for clinical trials and manufacturing.

7. Pharmacovigilance & Safety:

   • National regulatory authorities strengthened safety monitoring during vaccine rollout.
   • Harmonizing regional pharmacovigilance systems is essential for future pandemics.

8. Lessons Learned:

   • Strengthening digital infrastructure, local manufacturing capabilities, and regulatory systems should be priorities.
   • Balancing equity and efficiency in vaccination programs remains a critical challenge.

Recommendations

1. Enhance Digital Health Infrastructure: Invest in robust, interoperable health information systems to support real-time monitoring and decision-making.
2. Promote Local Manufacturing: Develop regional vaccine production capacity to enhance self-reliance and reduce reliance on imports.
3. Strengthen Regulatory Systems: Harmonize pharmacovigilance standards and establish clear legal frameworks for public-private partnerships.
4. Address Vaccine Hesitancy: Expand targeted communication strategies based on credible information and community engagement.
5. Ensure Equitable Access: Prioritize underserved populations and rural areas in vaccination campaigns.

This report underscores the importance of regional solidarity, innovative partnerships, and adaptive governance in building resilient health systems for future crises.