2025-06-24-世界银行-气候敏感城市的城市土地综合管理_埃塞俄比亚的制约因素_机遇和教训（英）_48页_1mb

Integrated Urban Land Management for Climate Sensitive Cities: Constraints, Opportunities and Lessons from Ethiopia

Ethiopia is experiencing rapid urbanization, with its urban population projected to double by 2040, contributing significantly to climate vulnerabilities and emissions. Key urbanization drivers include rural-urban migration, natural growth, and forced displacement, with Addis Ababa as the primary urban center. This growth exacerbates climate risks (e.g., flooding, heat stress) and biodiversity loss, necessitating integrated urban land management.

Key Findings

Urbanization Challenges:

• 4.3% annual urban population growth, leading to overcrowding, inadequate infrastructure, and high unemployment.
• Informal settlements (60% of urban areas) face heightened climate risks due to substandard construction and location in hazard zones.
• Cities currently contribute 15% of Ethiopia's GHG emissions, projected to rise to 35% by 2030.

Barriers to Land Management:

• Legal Constraints: Fragmented federal-regional policies, rigid planning standards, and procedural inefficiencies hinder land regularization and informal settlement integration.
• Institutional Issues: Bifurcation of land rights registration and rights creation offices creates redundancies. Urban-rural land systems operate separately, undermining tenure security and climate resilience.
• Implementation Challenges: Outdated manual processes, lack of spatial data, and insufficient stakeholder participation limit adaptive planning and enforcement.

Potential Solutions

1. Policy Reforms: Simplify registration procedures (e.g., 2024 Proclamations), adopt flexible planning standards, and harmonize urban-rural systems.
2. Institutional Strengthening: Merge land rights regularizing and registration institutions; invest in capacity-building and digital tools (e.g., land information management and national spatial data infrastructure).
3. Tools & Instruments:
   • Analytical Tools: City Scan, Nature-Based Solutions (NBS) Opportunity Scan, Machine-Learning Settlement Typology Tool, and GHG Emissions Estimator.
   • Planning Instruments: Climate Action Plans and Climate-Smart Capital Investment Plans to integrate climate adaptation and mitigation.
4. Informal Settlement Regularization: Use participatory approaches with flexible standards to secure tenure, enabling climate-resilient investments.

Future investments must enhance coordination between land and climate sectors, leverage equitable financing mechanisms, and embed climate data into urban planning to support resilient and sustainable development goals.