IRENA-可再生能源和就业—年度回顾2020（英文）-2020.10-44页

Summary of "Renewable Energy and Jobs - Annual Review 2020"

Core Content

The Renewable Energy and Jobs - Annual Review 2020 report by the International Renewable Energy Agency (IRENA) provides a comprehensive overview of the global renewable energy employment landscape in 2019. It highlights the significant role of renewable energy in job creation, the regional distribution of these jobs, and the impact of the COVID-19 pandemic on the sector. The report also emphasizes the importance of gender equity, skills development, and the potential of decentralized renewable energy (DRE) in creating employment, especially in developing regions.

Key Information

• Global Renewable Energy Employment: In 2019, the renewable energy sector employed an estimated 11.5 million people worldwide, representing a 4% increase from 2018.
• Solar PV Dominance: The solar PV industry accounted for 3.8 million jobs, or 33% of the total renewable energy workforce. China led with 2.2 million jobs, followed by India, the United States, and Japan.
• Biofuels: Global biofuels employment reached 2.5 million jobs in 2019. Brazil had the largest workforce with 839,000 jobs, while the U.S. and EU had 297,000 and 239,000 jobs, respectively.
• Wind Power: Wind power employed 1.2 million people, with 21% women in the workforce. China led with 518,000 jobs, followed by Germany and the U.S.
• Hydropower: Hydropower employed 1.93 million people in 2019, with China, India, and Brazil being the largest contributors. However, hydropower growth has slowed, and employment declined by 6% compared to 2018.
• Solar Heating and Cooling: The sector employed 823,300 people, with China as the largest employer. India, Brazil, and the U.S. also had notable employment figures.
• Decentralized Renewable Energy (DRE): DRE solutions are creating significant employment opportunities, particularly in rural and remote areas. In 2019, DRE employment in India, Kenya, and Nigeria totaled 105,000 formal jobs, with informal employment being twice as large.
• Gender Balance: Renewable energy has a better gender balance than fossil fuels, with 32% women in the sector. Wind power had 21% women, while solar PV had a higher share.
• Impact of the Pandemic: The pandemic has highlighted the need for strong policy frameworks to support the energy transition and has affected employment due to lockdowns and travel restrictions.
• Future Outlook: IRENA projects that the post-COVID agenda could create 5.5 million transition-related jobs over the next three years, with renewable energy jobs reaching 30 million by 2030.

Main Points and Trends

• Renewable Energy Growth: Renewable energy has continued to grow as a major source of employment since 2012.
• Regional Disparities: Asia accounted for 63% of all renewable energy jobs, with China, India, and Southeast Asian countries playing a dominant role.
• Technology-Specific Employment: Solar PV, biofuels, and wind power are the leading contributors to renewable energy employment, with solar PV being the largest segment.
• Decentralized Applications: DRE is particularly impactful in remote and energy-poor communities, creating jobs in productive uses like agriculture, healthcare, and communications.
• Policy and Training Needs: The report underscores the need for improved education, vocational training, and curriculum development to support the skills required for the energy transition.
• Gender Equity: While renewable energy has a better gender balance than fossil fuels, the sector still needs to improve inclusion and address cultural barriers to enhance diversity.

Conclusion

The renewable energy sector is a key driver of global employment, with significant potential for job creation and economic development. Despite the challenges posed by the pandemic and regional disparities, the sector continues to grow and offers opportunities for both formal and informal employment. A focus on decentralized applications, gender equity, and skills development is crucial to ensuring a successful and inclusive energy transition.