IRENA-可再生能源展望：黎巴嫩（英文）-2020.7-88页_11mb

Renewable Energy Outlook: Lebanon Summary

Core Content

This document, Renewable Energy Outlook: Lebanon, published by the International Renewable Energy Agency (IRENA) in collaboration with the Government of Lebanon, provides an in-depth analysis of the country's renewable energy status, targets, and the challenges and opportunities for further development. It outlines a roadmap for Lebanon to achieve a 30% share of renewable energy in its electricity mix by 2030, significantly surpassing the current 12% target for 2020.

Main Views and Key Information

1. Energy and Economic Context

• Lebanon's economy has been heavily impacted by rising energy demand, driven by population growth and increasing electricity consumption.
• Imported fuel oil accounts for nearly 25% of the national budget deficit, highlighting the urgent need for energy diversification.
• The country relies entirely on imported fossil fuels, which has led to significant energy security concerns.

2. Renewable Energy Strategy

• Lebanon has set ambitious targets to increase its renewable energy share, with a focus on solar, wind, hydropower, and bioenergy.
• The National Renewable Energy Action Plan (NREAP) for 2016–2020 was updated in 2018 to set a new target of 30% renewable energy consumption by 2030.
• The Renewable Energy Roadmap (REmap) aims to achieve this target through a combination of policy, regulatory, financial, and capacity-building actions.

3. Renewable Energy Potential

• Lebanon has substantial renewable energy potential, particularly in solar and wind resources.
• As of 2019, total installed renewable energy capacity reached 350 MW, with hydropower contributing the most (286 MW), followed by solar (56.37 MW) and landfill gas (7 MW).
• The REmap analysis suggests that renewable energy could supply around 30% of Lebanon’s electricity mix by 2030, doubling the share from existing plans and achieving a 10-fold increase compared to the 3% rise in 2014.

4. REmap Scenario Outcomes

• Under the REmap scenario, the power sector could save USD 249 million annually through the increased deployment of renewable energy.
• The savings are mainly attributed to the avoidance of fossil-fuel imports, which are a major cost burden.
• The total investment required for renewable energy capacity in the power sector is estimated at USD 2.2 billion, compared to the reference case.

5. Challenges and Recommendations

• Policy and Regulatory Framework: The current regulatory framework is fragmented, with conflicting laws that hinder private sector investment in renewable energy.
• Small-Scale Applications: There is a lack of awareness and streamlined procedures for small-scale renewable energy projects, limiting their deployment.
• Infrastructure and Financing: The existing infrastructure is outdated, and while the National Energy Efficiency and Renewable Energy Action (NEEREA) initiative has been successful, it is not sufficient to meet the 2030 targets without major adjustments.

Key Recommendations

1. Implement Stable and Integrated Regulations

• Create the Electricity Regulatory Authority (ERA): Based on Law 462/2002, the ERA could provide a single access point for private companies, clarifying licensing procedures and roles of existing entities.
• Amend Energy Laws: IRENA recommends integrating all energy-related laws under a single, comprehensive legal framework to eliminate discrepancies and overlaps, thereby facilitating private investment.

2. Adopt New Measures for Small-Scale Applications

• Net Metering: Already applied by EDL, but limited by the lack of awareness and streamlined procedures at the municipal and public levels.
• Peer-to-Peer (P2P) Trading: The document highlights the potential for P2P blockchain-based trading and power wheeling to enhance the deployment of small-scale renewable energy systems.
• Promote Awareness and Streamline Procedures: There is a need for better communication and simplification of processes for local authorities and the general public to support small-scale renewable energy initiatives.

3. Strengthen Financing Mechanisms

• NEEREA Initiative: This initiative, developed in collaboration with the Lebanese Central Bank (BDL), provides low-interest rate loans up to USD 10 million per project, with a maximum term of 14 years (including a grace period of up to four years).
• Encourage Public-Private Partnerships (PPPs): The private sector's role in renewable energy investment is critical, and greater support through financial instruments and policy incentives is needed.

4. Improve Infrastructure and Technology

• Grid Upgrades: The current grid infrastructure is outdated, requiring significant investment to support the increased deployment of renewable energy.
• Technology Adoption: Continued investment in renewable technologies, such as solar PV, onshore wind, and hydropower, is essential to meet the REmap targets.

Conclusion

IRENA's Renewable Energy Outlook: Lebanon underscores the importance of a coordinated, stable, and forward-looking policy framework to enable Lebanon to achieve its renewable energy targets. It highlights the need for regulatory reform, improved awareness, and stronger financial mechanisms to support both large-scale and small-scale renewable energy deployment. The report also serves as a valuable tool for shaping Lebanon’s next National Renewable Energy Action Plan (NREAP) and contributing to the global energy transition.