2022-06-07-世界卫生组织-Environmental_Health_Canada_2022_country_profile_2页_220kb

报告摘要

Canada Health and Environment Scorecard Summary

Overview: The scorecard provides data on Canada's performance in key health dimensions including air pollution, chemicals, radiation, water, sanitation, hygiene (WASH), climate change, and occupation. Notable gaps exist due to missing data for several metrics, limiting comprehensive assessment.
Key Findings:
- Air Pollution: Canadian PM 2.5 levels (7 µg/m³ annual mean) comply with WHO guidelines. However, no data on deaths from air pollution-related diseases (e.g., stroke, ischemic heart disease); projections under a high emissions scenario (RCP8.5) indicate an increase in heat-related deaths (more hot days in 2050 than in 1990).
- Chemicals: Low IHR capacity for chemical events (e.g., poisonings); fewer than 1 out of 100,000 five-year-olds die from poisonings/year, but a national poison center exists only for the region. Canada is a party to the Minamata Convention on Mercury, but no lead paint regulations data.
- Radiation: No IHR capacity score reported for radiation emergencies; regulations exist for artificial tanning devices and radon in dwellings, but no national health and climate change plan data. Death rates from melanoma and skin cancers are ranked low within the Americas.
- WASH: Available data shows 16% of the population lacks safe drinking water and 8% lacks safe sanitation, with higher rural needs. Data on deaths from diarrheal diseases and financial resources is missing.
- Climate Change: No national health and climate change policy or strategy data. High emissions scenarios project negative health outcomes, including increased heat deaths.
- Occupation: Low informal employment rates, but data shows a ranking of 16th for long working hours (≥55 hours/week), with some programs for occupational health and injury prevention. However, no data on ratification of key international labor conventions for occupational safety.
General Observations: Overall, some areas like air pollution compliance and radon regulations show partial strengths, but deficiencies exist in policy implementation and data availability for chemicals, radiation, and climate change. Continuous monitoring and data updates are recommended for a fuller picture.