【ScienceDirect】2024遗产建筑的非破坏性技术诊断_34页_1mb

Summary of Diagnosis of Heritage Buildings by Non-Destructive Techniques

Core Content

This book provides a comprehensive overview of non-destructive testing (NDT) techniques applied to the diagnosis and preservation of heritage buildings. It is structured into five sections, each focusing on different aspects of NDT, including infrared thermography (IRT), laser scanning and photogrammetry, heritage building information modeling (HBIM), digital twins (DTs), and other NDT methods. The contributions are authored by experts from various academic and research institutions across Europe, the United States, and India, emphasizing the integration of modern technologies with traditional building practices.

Main Viewpoints

• Non-Destructive Testing (NDT) is essential for the conservation and diagnosis of heritage buildings due to its ability to provide critical information without causing damage.
• Infrared Thermography (IRT) is highlighted as a key NDT method, used for detecting pathologies such as moisture, thermal bridges, and cracks. It is divided into qualitative and quantitative approaches, with the latter offering more precise thermal property analysis.
• Photogrammetry and Laser Scanning are presented as complementary tools for creating detailed 3D models of heritage structures. These methods are useful for documenting and monitoring the condition of buildings, especially when traditional documentation is lacking.
• HBIM (Heritage Building Information Modeling) and Digital Twins (DTs) are explored as advanced digital tools for managing and preserving heritage assets. They integrate data from various NDT techniques and offer a multidisciplinary approach to building diagnostics and retrofitting.
• Integration of AI and deep learning is discussed in the context of automating the classification of thermal pathologies in heritage buildings using IRT.
• Sensor integration and data analysis are emphasized for improving the accuracy and efficiency of diagnostics, especially when combined with techniques like ground-penetrating radar (GPR) and ultrasonic pulse velocity (UPV).

Key Information

Section I: Basic Foundations of NDT Techniques

• Introduces the importance of NDT in the context of heritage building conservation.
• Discusses the evolution of IRT and its application in identifying thermal irregularities and quantifying thermal properties.
• Highlights the need for standardized protocols and systematic approaches in the use of NDT for heritage buildings.
• Mentions the role of IRT in energy performance analysis and its potential for minimizing energy consumption and supporting decarbonization efforts.

Section II: Infrared Thermography (IRT)

• IRT is used to detect structural and thermal pathologies in heritage buildings.
• The technique is often combined with other NDT methods such as pressurization tests and ultrasonic pulse velocity for enhanced diagnosis.
• Case studies demonstrate the practical application of IRT in real-world heritage structures, including the Alhambra and the Gothic vault of San Vicente in Donostia-San Sebastián.
• The use of deep learning in IRT for automatic pathology classification is explored, showing potential for increasing efficiency and accuracy.

Section III: Laser Scanning and Photogrammetry

• Laser scanning (TLS) and photogrammetry are used to create accurate 3D models of heritage buildings.
• These techniques are particularly useful for documenting complex architectural features and for monitoring structural changes over time.
• The book compares the effectiveness of different tools and methods, including the use of unmanned aerial systems (UAS) for large-scale documentation.
• The integration of sensor data and AI is proposed to enhance the interpretation of digital heritage models.

Section IV: HBIM and Digital Twins

• HBIM and DTs are presented as advanced tools for the digital documentation and management of heritage buildings.
• These models allow for the integration of historical and technical data, enabling better decision-making in conservation and retrofitting.
• The transition from 3D models to HBIM and DTs is discussed in the context of Construction 4.0 and digital transformation in heritage preservation.

Section V: Other Techniques for Heritage Building Diagnosis

• A variety of NDT techniques are explored, including ultrasonic tomography, ground-penetrating radar (GPR), and spectroscopic analysis.
• These methods are used to assess material degradation, structural integrity, and decorative elements in heritage buildings.
• The book emphasizes the importance of combining different NDT techniques to achieve a more holistic understanding of building conditions.

Conclusion

The book underscores the growing role of NDT in the preservation and sustainable management of heritage buildings. It advocates for the adoption of integrated, systematic, and technology-driven approaches to building diagnostics, highlighting the synergy between traditional and modern methods. The use of AI, digital modeling, and multi-sensor integration is presented as a promising direction for future research and application in the field.

Authors and Contributors

The contributors are researchers and professionals from institutions such as the University of Granada, University of Seville, Roma Tre University, and others, representing a wide range of expertise in architecture, engineering, and heritage studies.

References

The book includes a comprehensive list of references, with citations from various studies and projects, including EU-funded initiatives like Open Heritage, STORM, and HERICOAST, as well as academic research on NDT techniques and their applications in heritage conservation.

Additional Notes

• The book includes a list of contributors and an index for easy navigation.
• It is published by Woodhead Publishing, an imprint of Elsevier, with a focus on advanced materials and engineering techniques.
• The ISBNs are provided for both print and online versions, indicating its availability in different formats.