麦肯锡-处于十字路口的跨国公司_适应新的地缘政治时代（英）-2025.6_11页_1mb

Multinationals at a Crossroads: Adapting to Geopolitical Shifts

This analysis explores how multinational corporations (MNCs) must adapt to a fragmenting global environment driven by escalating geopolitical factors. Leaders face challenges in reimagining organizational structures to balance growth, efficiency, adaptability, and resilience amidst rising trade barriers, sanctions, and policy divergences.

Key Geopolitical Factors

MNCs must consider ten primary factors, including:

• Tariffs and trade restrictions, such as those imposed during recent conflicts.
• Rising domestic industrial policies and subsidies, like those in the US and China.
• Sanctions, export controls, and foreign investment restrictions.
• Technology, data localization, and cyber regulations.
• Global conflicts and multilateral security agreements, such as AUKUS.

Adaptation Imperatives

The MNC model must evolve beyond traditional global operations to embed flexibility. Three core areas require focus:

• Value at Stake: Assess geopolitical risks by evaluating value creation, potential exposures, and "geopolitical distance" across operations.
• Governance Structure: Create independent legal entities or hybrid ownership models to manage compliance and enable swift exits.
• Organizational Structure: Adjust centralization levels and workflows to enhance agility in response to diverse geographies.

By addressing these areas, MNCs can navigate uncertainty, seize opportunities, and build resilience in a complex global landscape.