世界经济论坛-面向新经济的仪表板，实现后COVID恢复的新指南针（英文）-2020.10-22页

Summary of "Dashboard for a New Economy"

Core Content

This document outlines the Dashboard for a New Economy, a framework proposed by the World Economic Forum to guide post-COVID-19 economic recovery by incorporating non-GDP metrics into policy-making. It is part of the Great Reset initiative, aiming to redefine economic success beyond traditional GDP growth to include prosperity, planet, people, and institutions.

Main Principles

The report emphasizes five core principles that should underpin the new economic compass:

1. Balance people, planet, prosperity, and institutions: Recognize the interlinkages between these dimensions and their trade-offs. The framework should align with the UN Sustainable Development Goals (SDGs) and ESG dimensions, but also include broader targets due to the greater policy levers available to governments.

2. Update GDP and re-evaluate growth as a policy target: Traditional GDP measures fail to capture non-market activities such as digital and care work. The report suggests a more comprehensive definition of GDP that includes these activities and excludes extractive ones. It also questions the continued use of GDP growth as the sole policy target, especially in high-income economies where productivity growth has declined.

3. Monitor distributional outcomes and access to opportunity: The crisis has worsened economic and social inequalities. There is a need to track both income and wealth distribution, with a focus on social mobility and equality of opportunity as more robust indicators than inequality itself.

4. Include future-orientation and resilience: Economic indicators should reflect resilience to future shocks by incorporating measures of financial, natural, and social capital. This shift is necessary to move away from short-term GDP-centric thinking to a more sustainable and forward-looking approach.

5. Reflect connection and community: Economic systems must be designed with human connection at their core, supporting social systems that are resilient and inclusive. This includes fostering social capital, cohesion, and equity as essential components of recovery.

Key Dimensions of the Dashboard

The Dashboard is structured around four key dimensions:

• Prosperity: Includes updated GDP, income and wealth inequality, financial resilience, and social mobility.
• Planet: Focuses on clean energy, energy efficiency, and natural capital.
• People: Emphasizes human capital (education and skills), public health, and social resilience.
• Institutions: Highlights the importance of institutional quality, including freedom of the press, judicial independence, and government trust.

Assessment of the Economic Recovery

The report evaluates the current state of the post-COVID-19 economic recovery using the Dashboard framework:

• GDP Recovery: While global GDP is recovering, it remains below pre-pandemic levels. The recovery is uneven across countries and sectors, with services and tourism lagging due to consumer caution and new restrictions.
• Income and Wealth Inequality: Inequality has worsened, especially in low- and middle-income countries with weak safety nets. In high-income countries, automation is accelerating, and reskilling is insufficient to address the skills gap.
• Financial Resilience: High-income countries are in a better position to manage debt, with a 15% chance of a default crisis. In contrast, middle- and low-income countries face a higher risk (30% and 50% respectively).
• Climate and Energy Transition: A shift to clean energy and improved energy efficiency is crucial to avoid climate catastrophe. However, current fiscal stimulus has largely supported fossil fuels, with only 34% going to clean energy. The EU has made the largest commitment to green stimulus, while other regions lag behind.

Call to Action

The report calls for a collective effort among governments, economists, and stakeholders to adopt and operationalize a broader set of economic policy targets. It highlights the need for:

• Convergence on non-financial metrics: Drawing on the momentum in ESG reporting, the report urges a similar push for macroeconomic metrics beyond GDP.
• Timely and structured policy interventions: Governments must transition from emergency measures to structural reforms that support long-term resilience and inclusivity.
• International collaboration: The framework is presented as an open platform for global convergence, inspired by pioneering efforts such as New Zealand's integration of multidimensional targets into its budget process.

Conclusion

The Dashboard for a New Economy is a comprehensive yet concise tool to guide post-pandemic recovery and transformation. It encourages a more holistic, equitable, and sustainable approach to economic policy-making, moving away from GDP-centric models and towards a more integrated and future-focused strategy.