美国陆军部-重获北极主导地位战略（英文）-2021.1-54页_6mb

Summary of "Regaining Arctic Dominance"

Core Content

The document outlines the U.S. Army's strategic approach to regaining dominance in the Arctic, emphasizing the region's growing importance in the context of global competition, resource access, and environmental change. It highlights the need for the Army to develop and maintain capabilities tailored for Arctic and sub-arctic environments, including extreme cold, mountainous terrain, and high-altitude conditions. The strategy integrates the Army Reserve and National Guard, and it aims to support joint operations, homeland defense, and crisis response across the Arctic and beyond.

Main Objectives

• Regain Arctic Dominance: The Army is committed to re-establishing its ability to operate effectively in the Arctic and to maintain a credible deterrent.
• Multi-Domain Operations: The strategy emphasizes the Army's role in supporting multi-domain operations, including land, air, and space, to meet the demands of the Joint Force.
• Training and Readiness: Enhance the Army's training, equipment, and doctrine to prepare forces for extended operations in extreme environments.
• Strategic Partnerships: Strengthen relationships with allies and partners through joint exercises, training, and security cooperation.
• Infrastructure and Environmental Adaptation: Invest in infrastructure capable of withstanding Arctic conditions and adapt to environmental changes that affect operations.

Key Points

1. Arctic as a Strategic Region

• The Arctic is a region of competition, a line of attack, and a platform for global power projection.
• It is home to significant natural resources and holds strategic value for both military and economic purposes.
• The U.S. is an Arctic nation, and the region directly affects homeland defense and national interests.
• The Arctic is of interest to multiple nations, including Russia and China, which are developing their own strategies to gain influence and access.

2. Geopolitical Landscape

• The Arctic is defined by Title 15 U.S.C. § 4111 and includes parts of the areas of responsibility of three geographic combatant commands (USNORTHCOM, USINDOPACOM, USEUCOM).
• It is a shared region with complex international partnerships and alliances.
• The region is also a potential corridor for strategic competition, especially with Russia and China.
• Current disputes focus on maritime boundaries and economic rights, and the reduction in sea ice may lead to new conflicts over key sea lanes.

3. Environmental Impacts

• The Arctic is warming twice as fast as the rest of the world, opening new opportunities for resource extraction and shipping routes.
• Sea ice is decreasing at a significant rate, which could lead to increased access and potential conflict over newly navigable routes.
• Thawing permafrost threatens infrastructure, requiring materials with high thermal efficiency and durability.
• Environmental changes make the Arctic a challenging and unpredictable operational environment.

4. U.S. Army Presence in the Arctic

• The U.S. Army has maintained a presence in Alaska since 1867, with a focus on defense and power projection.
• During the Cold War, Alaska was a critical training and operational hub for Arctic warfare.
• The Army has historically used Alaska for training, with key installations such as Fort Wainwright, Joint Base Elmendorf-Richardson, and Fort Greely.

5. Army Capabilities in the Arctic

• The U.S. Army Alaska (USARAK) is responsible for providing trained and ready forces for global operations.
• USARAK supports the U.S. Northern Command (USNORTHCOM) and the U.S. Indo-Pacific Command (USINDOPACOM).
• USARAK provides training, readiness, and support for deployed units, including cold weather and mountain warfare.
• The Army National Guard and Army Reserve also contribute to Arctic operations, providing specialized units and support capabilities.

6. Training and Development

• The Army has several specialized training centers in Alaska, including the Northern Warfare Training Center (NWTC), which trains Soldiers in cold weather and mountain operations.
• The Army Mountain Warfare School in Vermont and the Special Operations Advance Mountaineering School in Colorado also contribute to Arctic and mountain warfare training.
• Training includes both individual and unit-level courses, with a focus on real-world scenarios and the use of advanced equipment.

7. Strategic Competition in the Arctic

• The Arctic is a contested space with increasing military and economic activity from Russia and China.
• The U.S. National Security Strategy identifies the Arctic as a corridor for great power competition between the Indo-Pacific and Europe.
• The Army must develop forces that can compete with adversaries and support allies in the region.
• The strategy includes four key drivers: military developments, energy resources, transportation, and food security.

Conclusion

The U.S. Army is taking a comprehensive approach to regaining Arctic dominance, focusing on training, equipment, and infrastructure tailored to the unique challenges of the region. It emphasizes a Total Army approach, integrating Reserve and National Guard forces, and aligns with broader national security goals. The strategy is designed to ensure the Army remains capable of operating in extreme conditions, supporting joint operations, and deterring adversaries in a rapidly changing Arctic environment.