联合国贸发会-2020全球经济贸易统计手册（英文）-2020.12-106页_24mb

2020 HANDBOOK OF STATISTICS SUMMARY

Core Content Overview

The UNCTAD Handbook of Statistics 2020 provides comprehensive data and analysis on international trade, investment, maritime transport, and development. It serves as a valuable resource for policymakers, researchers, and stakeholders seeking internationally comparable statistical information to support decision-making and policy formulation.

Key Sections and Topics

1. International Merchandise Trade

• World Merchandise Exports: The value of world merchandise exports in 2019 was US$18.9 trillion.
• South-South Trade Share: South-South trade accounted for 28% of the global trade.
• LDCs' Share in Global Exports: Least Developed Countries (LDCs) represented 1.01% of global exports.
• Trade Decline in 2020: The third quarter of 2020 saw a year-on-year decrease of 11.9% in global merchandise exports, as nowcasted.

2. International Trade in Services

• The handbook includes detailed data on services trade, including growth rates and key export categories.
• Top Services Exporters: The top five services exporters in 2019 are highlighted, showing the significant role of services in global trade.

3. Economic Trends

• GDP Per Capita: Data on GDP per capita for different economic groups is provided, highlighting disparities.
• Current Account Balance: The current account balance as a percentage of GDP is presented, with a focus on LDCs and other developing economies.
• FDI Inflows: Foreign direct investment inflows are analyzed by economic group, showing their relative contributions to the global economy.

4. Population

• Population Growth: Annual population growth rates are detailed, with a focus on developing and transition economies.
• Dependency Ratio: The dependency ratio by age group and region is presented, offering insights into demographic pressures and economic implications.
• Urbanization: Data on urban populations by economic group is included, highlighting the trend of urban growth.

5. Maritime Transport

• Seaborne Trade: Key data on seaborne trade, including volume and value, is provided for different economic groups.
• Merchant Fleet: Information on fleet registration, ownership, and capacity is detailed, with a focus on top registries and regional distributions.
• Liner Shipping Connectivity: The liner shipping connectivity index and port throughput data are included, reflecting the efficiency and reach of global shipping networks.

6. Annexes

• Annex 6.3: Contains detailed information on data compilation methods, sources, and definitions for all presented statistics.

Main Groups of Economies

• Developing Economies: Represented by regions such as Africa, America, and Asia/Oceania.
• Transition Economies: Countries undergoing economic transformation, such as those in Eastern Europe and Central Asia.
• Developed Economies: High-income, industrialized nations.
• Least Developed Countries (LDCs): Economies with the lowest levels of development.
• Landlocked Developing Countries (LLDCs): Countries without access to the sea.
• Small Island Developing States (SIDS): Island nations facing unique economic and environmental challenges.

Key Findings and Trends

• Global Trade Decline: In 2019, world merchandise trade decreased by 2.8%, with a notable 11.9% year-on-year decline nowcasted for Q3 2020.
• Regional Disparities:
  • Developing economies saw a decline in exports ranging from -2.5% to -3.3%.
  • Transition economies experienced an increase in imports by 4.6%.
• Trade Balance Shifts:
  • Developed economies had a trade deficit of -US$822 billion in 2019.
  • LDCs had a trade deficit of -US$86 billion, with a significant -31% ratio to imports.
• FDI Trends:
  • FDI inflows were analyzed across different economic groups, showing varying levels of investment.
  • The top 20 host economies and home economies for FDI are listed.
• Population Dynamics:
  • The global population growth rate was -0.3% in 2019.
  • LDCs had a -56.7% trade balance ratio to imports.
  • Urban populations in developing economies were a focus, with -16.1% for LLDCs and -2.5% for LDCs.

Methodology and Notes

• Data Sources: The handbook uses data from UNCTADstat, which is continuously updated.
• Data Compilation:
  • Trade data is compiled using UNCTAD and WTO joint efforts.
  • Seasonal adjustments are made using X-13ARIMA-SEATS.
• Definitions:
  • Exports are recorded at FOB value.
  • Imports include CIF value.
  • Trade Balance is the difference between export and import values.
• Symbols and Abbreviations:
  • (e): Estimated data.
  • (u): Preliminary estimate.
  • -: Indicates estimated data not published separately.

Additional Notes

• The handbook includes interactive maps and charts for better visualization.
• Nowcasts are included for timely data analysis, especially for quarterly trade data.
• Map 1.1 shows merchandise exports as a percentage of GDP for 2019.
• Map 1.4 provides the trade openness index for 2019.
• Map 5.3 presents the liner shipping connectivity index for the top five economies.

Conclusion

The 2020 UNCTAD Handbook of Statistics is a critical reference for understanding global trade dynamics, economic development, and maritime transport trends. It offers a wide range of data, including key indicators, regional breakdowns, and comparative analysis, making it an essential tool for informed policy and research.