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Summary of UNCTAD Handbook of Statistics 2021

Introduction

The handbook provides comprehensive statistics on international trade, investment, maritime transport, and development. It highlights the global economic impact of the COVID-19 pandemic, emphasizing the need for reliable, comparable data to inform policies. The data is sourced from UNCTADstat, UNTADstat Data Center.Updated regularly and covers key indicators during the pandemic. The figures reflect nowcasts based on timely data, with COVID-19 causing significant disruptions across all sectors.

International Merchandise Trade

• Key Figures: World merchandise exports in 2020 were US$17.6 trillion, a 7.4% decline due to COVID-19. Developing economies contributed US$8.1 trillion, with the largest contraction in Africa (-19.3% annualized). Trade recovered strongly in 2021 with a projected 22.4% growth.
• Trade Structure: Asian and OECD regions dominated exports, but Africa's share increased slightly. Travel and transport sectors were hardest hit, while food exports showed resilience. FDI flows decreased sharply, with developed economies experiencing the steepest drop.
• Regional Trends: In 2020, all development groups saw trade declines, but Asia and Oceania's GDP contraction was only 0.5%. LDCs slightly fared better but lacked growth to meet UN development goals.
• Trade Indicators: Trade openness indices vary widely, with small economies like Singapore recording high openness. Terms of trade declined significantly in Africa (-6.6%), while Asia showed modest growth.

International Trade in Services

• Key Figures: Global services exports in 2020 were US$5 trillion, falling by 20% year-on-year. The United States remained the top exporter, but Africa and South America saw steeper declines. Services are increasingly resilient to structural shocks.
• Growth by Category: Telecommunications and information services growth (+4.1%) were the only bright spots in 2020. Travel and transport declines scattered across regions underscore the pandemic's uneven impact.
• Key Trends: Africa and Oceania showed small GDP declines but the fastest recovery. Services' performance lagged behind goods, reflecting service-specific vulnerabilities, though many economies achieved positive growth outlooks in 2021. Digital services continued to grow, especially in Asia.

Economic Trends

• GDP: Global GDP contracted by 3.6% in 2020 (4.6% per capita), with developed economies declining more severely (-4.8%). Asia and Oceania's resiliency (-0.5%) and targeted growth rates were pivotal.
• Current Account: Balances improved in developing economies (+1.3%), driven by Asian surpluses, contrasting with large deficits in developed economies. HIPCs also showed improvement.
• FDI: Global FDI inflows dropped 35% to US$1.0 trillion due to pandemic uncertainties. Outflows were concentrated mainly in Asia and the Middle East.
• Prices: Inflation and commodity prices
  Not applicable (as per text).