贸发会议：2021年统计手册（EN）_106页_18mb

2021 UNCTAD Handbook of Statistics Summary

Core Content

The UNCTAD Handbook of Statistics 2021 provides comprehensive data on international trade, investment, maritime transport, and development. It is designed to support policy formulation and analysis by offering reliable and comparable statistics across different regions and economic groups. The handbook is published by the United Nations Conference on Trade and Development (UNCTAD) and is available in PDF format at https://unctad.org/HandbookOfStatistics.

The data in the handbook are sourced from the UNCTADstat Data Center, which is continuously updated, and may not always reflect the most recent figures due to the nature of statistical reporting.

Main Sections

The handbook is structured into the following main sections:

• International merchandise trade
• International trade in services
• Economic trends
• Population
• Maritime transport
• Annexes

Each section contains maps, figures, and tables that provide insights into various economic indicators.

Key Indicators and Data

World Merchandise Trade

• Value of world merchandise exports in 2020: US$17.6 trillion
• Annual growth rate of world merchandise exports in 2020: -7.4%
• Nowcast for 2021: +22.4% growth
• Trade balance in 2020: -US$209 billion
• LDCs' share in global exports: 1.03%

Regional Contributions

• Developing economies: US$8.1 trillion in exports, US$7.5 trillion in imports
• Developed economies: US$9.5 trillion in exports, US$10.3 trillion in imports
• Asia and Oceania: 44% of global exports, 38% of global imports
• Europe: 38% of global exports, 38% of global imports
• America: 16% of global exports, 16% of global imports
• Africa: 2% of global exports, 2% of global imports

Trade Trends by Group

• Developing economies:
  • Exports decreased by -5.8% in 2020
  • Imports decreased by -8.0% in 2020
  • Trade balance increased by +7.8%
• LDCs:
  • Exports decreased by -9.1%
  • Imports decreased by -11.2%
  • Trade balance decreased by -26.9%
• LLDCs:
  • Exports decreased by -11.8%
  • Imports decreased by -9.3%
  • Trade balance decreased by -18.7%
• SIDS (UN-OHRLLS):
  • Exports decreased by -8.4%
  • Imports decreased by -11.1%
  • Trade balance increased by +0.5%

Notable Trends

• Global trade decline: The value of world merchandise trade fell by 7.4% in 2020 due to the impact of the COVID-19 pandemic.
• Strong recovery: The 2021 nowcast indicates a 22.4% growth in global merchandise exports.
• Trade imbalance: The developed world experienced a trade deficit of -US$791 billion, while developing economies saw a trade surplus of +US$582 billion.
• Regional disparities: Africa had the most significant decline in trade, with exports and imports dropping by 19.3% and 13.2%, respectively.

Notes on Data

• Classification: The handbook uses a broader definition of Small Island Developing States (SIDS), and the transition economies group has been removed.
• Aggregation: Group values are typically the sum of individual economies, unless data is insufficient.
• Rounding: Values may not add up exactly to totals due to rounding.
• Currency: All values are expressed in US dollars (US$) for the year they refer to.
• Abbreviations: Key abbreviations and symbols are defined in the handbook for clarity.

Data Sources and Methodology

• The data is extracted from or summarized in the UNCTADstat Data Center at https://unctadstat.unctad.org.
• Seasonal adjustments are based on UNCTAD secretariat calculations using X-13ARIMA-SEATS.
• The nowcasts for 2021 are provided in the handbook, with more details available at https://unctad.org/MerchandiseTradeNowcast.

Additional Information

• The handbook includes interactive online versions and an e-handbook for enhanced data access.
• Maps and figures are used to visualize trade trends and statistics, with choropleth maps helping to highlight smaller territories.
• The handbook also includes notes on the legal status of certain territories, as well as disputes over sovereignty, such as the Falkland Islands (Malvinas) issue.

Conclusion

The 2021 UNCTAD Handbook of Statistics offers a detailed overview of global trade and economic trends, highlighting the impact of the pandemic on trade volumes and the recovery expectations for 2021. It serves as a critical resource for policymakers, researchers, and stakeholders interested in international trade, investment, maritime transport, and economic development. The data is presented in a clear and structured manner, with maps, figures, and tables supporting the analysis.