2024-08-04-IEA-可持续生物燃料的碳核算（英）_55页_5mb

Carbon Accounting for Sustainable Biofuels

Report Analysis Summary

1. Biofuel Policy Trends

   • Global biofuel demand projected to reach ~5% of transport fuel by 2030.
   • Emerging economies (Brazil, India) dominate growth; advanced economies face constraints from EV adoption and high costs.

2. Carbon Accounting Frameworks

   • Global policies use lifecycle assessment (LCA) to measure carbon intensity (gCO₂-eq/MJ).
   • Direct land use change (dLUC) is measurable, but indirect land use change (iLUC) is modelled and highly uncertain.
   • Notable discrepancies exist in methodologies, data quality, and system boundaries across regions.

3. Key Findings & Recommendations

   • Policy Actions:
     • Reward continuous improvement in GHG performance through transparent accounting and verification.
     • Prioritize measures with high-impact reductions (e.g., methane capture, renewable energy use).
     • Adopt risk-based approaches for iLUC management grounded in empirical data.
   • Best Practices:
     • Use standardized methodologies for global applicability: harmonize system boundaries and default values.
     • Support circular economy integration: include biofuel coproducts and waste streams.
   • International Cooperation:
     • Strengthen collaboration between aviation/shipping regulators (ICAO, IMO) and agricultural policy developers.
     • Promote consistent carbon accounting standards in voluntary markets to reduce investor uncertainty.

4. Technology & Innovation

   • Negative-emission biofuels (carbon capture and storage) offer pathways to deep GHG reductions.
   • Sustainable farming practices (reduced tillage, biochar, low-emission fertilizers) enhance soil carbon stocks.

5. Stakeholder Engagement

   • Cooperate with agriculture and bioenergy sectors to address land use challenges holistically.
   • Ensure policy flexibility during global agricultural tightness to prevent exacerbating food prices.