2015年-世界发展银行全球_Institutionalization_of_Rural_Sanitation_Capacity_Building_in_Indonesia_54页_1mb

Summary of the Technical Assistance Report: Institutionalization of Rural Sanitation Capacity Building in Indonesia

Core Content

This report details the Technical Assistance (TA) P132118 by the World Bank's Water and Sanitation Program (WSP), aimed at institutionalizing rural sanitation capacity building in Indonesia through the Sanitasi Total Berbasis Masyarakat (STBM) approach. The report outlines the context, implementation process, and outcomes of the TA, emphasizing the importance of capacity building in achieving sanitation goals.

Main Objectives

The TA focused on three main components:

1. Standardization and accreditation of STBM training modules, aligned with PPSDM standards.
2. Integration of STBM content into health polytechnic school curricula.
3. Development of an e-learning training scheme to expand access to STBM education.

These components were designed to address the human resource gap in rural sanitation and support the implementation of the STBM strategy, which aims to achieve universal access to improved sanitation by 2019.

Key Findings and Outcomes

1. Rural Sanitation Context in Indonesia

• Indonesia is the world's largest archipelagic country with a population of 250 million, half of whom live in rural areas.
• The country has seen a significant increase in rural sanitation access from 20.64% in 2006 to 44.09% in 2013.
• Despite progress, Indonesia is unlikely to meet its Millennium Development Goal (MDG) of 55.5% rural sanitation access by 2015.
• The new National Medium-Term Development Plan (2015–2019) targets universal access to improved sanitation by 2019.
• A capacity gap of 12,000–18,000 sanitation professionals is estimated to meet the 2015 MDG, and this gap is expected to increase for the 2019 target.

2. Institutionalization of STBM Capacity Building

• The STBM Secretariat and the Environmental Health Unit (EH) of the Ministry of Health (MoH) approached WSP for TA in 2012.
• The TA was designed to institutionalize the capacity building program by working with the Agency for Development and Empowerment of Human Resources of MoH (PPSDM), which has the mandate and capacity to support human resource development.
• The program targets:
  • Future professionals (pre-service) through integration into health polytechnic curricula.
  • Current professionals (in-service) through accredited and certified training.
  • Other interested professionals through e-learning.

3. Implementation Process

The TA was implemented in three distinct phases:

• Phase 1: Introduction and Roll Out

  • Formed a working group including the STBM Secretariat, PPSDM, MoH’s Health Promotion Board, and WSP.
  • Prepared advocacy materials and success stories to promote the STBM approach.
  • Conducted initial consultations to align the collaboration and integration models.

• Phase 2: Development of Instruments and Incentives

  • Developed five training modules for STBM facilitators, entrepreneurs, and polytechnic lecturers.
  • Created four e-learning modules in both English and Bahasa Indonesia.
  • Introduced a credit point system to reward certified professionals.
  • Established a national certification system and a monitoring and evaluation framework.

• Phase 3: Implementation and Scaling Up

  • Implemented the training and e-learning modules.
  • Achieved the target of 1,500 students from 24 government-run and 4 private health polytechnic schools.
  • Trained 269 individuals with official "credit point" rewards.
  • Engaged almost 500 participants in e-learning across all provinces.

4. Achievements

• Intermediate Outcome 1: Rural sanitation capacity building program institutionalized through Ministerial Regulation No. 3, 2014.
• Intermediate Outcome 2: Instruments and tools for standardization and certification developed.
• Intermediate Outcome 3: Incentive systems for certified rural sanitation personnel established, including the credit point system and certification-linked career opportunities.

5. Lessons and Recommendations

• Field observations and academic-practitioner interactions improved the integration of STBM into health polytechnic curricula.
• Accredited training with planning and preparation enhanced training quality and increased demand for certification.
• E-learning provided a cost-effective and accessible method to reach a wider audience, with potential to reduce training costs by up to 30%.
• Scaling up requires strong collaboration between local governments and health schools, as well as continuous support and evaluation through the MoH system.

Key Information

• Total participants in e-learning: ~500 across all provinces.
• Training modules developed: 5 for accredited training and 4 for e-learning.
• Credit point system: Mandatory for civil servants, used to reward training completion.
• Certification: Linked to PPSDM and STBM Secretariat portal, ensuring standardized quality.
• Partners involved: STBM Secretariat, PPSDM, MoH’s Health Promotion Board, and WSP.
• Future support: A circular letter from MoH to local health offices and STBM partners is recommended to scale up the program.

Conclusion

The institutionalization of rural sanitation capacity building through the STBM approach is critical for achieving Indonesia's sanitation goals. The TA has laid the foundation for a sustainable, standardized, and incentivized training system, which can be expanded through continued collaboration and support. The three key instruments—standardized training modules, e-learning, and the credit point system—have been successfully developed and implemented, providing a framework for future capacity building efforts in the rural sanitation sector.