2014-12-31-世界卫生组织-2015_GATS_Country_Report_Costa_Rica_executive_summary_10页_589kb

报告摘要

Executive Summary Analysis of GATS Costa Rica 2015

Introduction

The Global Adult Tobacco Survey (GATS) is a standard for monitoring tobacco use and tracking tobacco control indicators. The Costa Rica survey, conducted in 2015 by the Ministry of Health with technical support from WHO and CDC, achieved a high response rate and provided nationally representative data by gender and residence.

Methodology

The survey used a multi-stage stratified cluster design with electronic handheld devices. Out of 9,680 households sampled, 8,607 individual interviews were completed, with an overall response rate of 89.2%. It assessed tobacco use, cessation, secondhand smoke exposure, economics, media, and knowledge/attitudes.

Key Findings

Tobacco Use: Overall prevalence at 9.1% (including smoking and smokeless tobacco, with 8.9% being current smokers). Men had higher rates (13.6%) compared to women (4.5%). Smoking initiation average age was 16.1 years, and 625,800 adults used tobacco.
Cessation: 58.6% of past-year smokers attempted to quit in the last 12 months, with 64.7% doing so without assistance. Only 64.0% received quit advice from healthcare providers.
Secondhand Smoke: Exposure rates were 6.3% in workplaces, 4.9% at home, 7.9% in restaurants, and 23.0% in bars and nightclubs. High public support (93.1%) existed for smoke-free laws in all public places.
Economics: Most cigarettes were bought from stores (80.7%); street vendors were more common among younger smokers. Average monthly expenditure was 19,370 Colones, equivalent to 2.4% of 2014 GDP per capita.
Media and Awareness: 72.3% of adults saw anti-smoking messages, and 27.4% noted tobacco advertisements. High belief (97.8%) existed in smoking causing serious illnesses. 85.1% supported tax increases on tobacco.
Knowledge, Attitudes, and Perceptions: Strong belief in tobacco and secondhand smoke dangers. Many adults perceived health risks and favored stricter regulations.

Recommendations

Based on the MPOWER strategy, policy actions include raising awareness, enforcing smoke-free laws, improving cessation programs, monitoring advertising bans, and increasing tobacco taxes to reduce use and align with global control efforts.