2003-12-31-世界卫生组织-2004_GSHS_Fact_Sheet_Namibia_2页_362kb

Global School-based Student Health Survey: Namibia 2004 Summary

Purpose

The 2004 Namibia GSHS assessed health behaviors and factors among students aged 13-15 years, including substance use, sexual behaviors, hygiene, mental health, physical activity, protective factors, tobacco use, and unintentional injuries.

Methodology

This school-based survey targeted grades 6-10, using a two-stage cluster sample design with a 95% school response rate, 86% student response rate, and an overall 82% response rate involving 6,367 participants. Data were self-reported via computer scannable answer sheets.

Key Findings by Category

Alcohol and Other Drug Use

• High prevalence: Over 30% reported alcohol consumption in the past 30 days, with boys having higher rates than girls; similar patterns for heavy drinking and drug use.

Sexual Behaviours

• About 26% of students had sexual intercourse, with boys aged 13-15 reporting higher rates (37.9%) and girls lower rates (18.8%); condom use among sexually active students was below 55%.

Hygiene

• Low handwashing frequency: Approximately 7% never or rarely washed hands before eating in the past 30 days.

Mental Health

• Notable loneliness and social isolation: Around 11-12% felt lonely most of the time, and over 15% reported no close friends.

Physical Activity

• Low physical activity levels: Only about 10% were active for at least 60 minutes daily; screen time (e.g., TV, games) exceeded three hours per day.

Protective Factors

• High truancy and negative school environment reports: Over 40% missed classes without permission, and many saw a lack of kindness and parental awareness in schools.

Tobacco Use

• Substantial tobacco exposure: About 16% smoked cigarettes, 32% used other tobacco products, and more than 60% were exposed to secondhand smoke.

Unintentional Injuries and Violence

• Common issues: Nearly 50% experienced physical fights, over 50% were bullied in the past 30 days, and high injury rates were reported.