2003-12-31-世界卫生组织-2004_GSHS_Fact_Sheet_Namibia_northwest_2页_363kb

2004 Namibia (North West Region) GSHS Summary

Core Content

The 2004 Global School Health Survey (GSHS) in the North West Region of Namibia focused on several key health topics, including alcohol and drug use, sexual behaviors, unintentional injuries and violence, hygiene, physical activity, tobacco use, and mental health. The survey aimed to assess the health status and risk behaviors of students in grades 6 to 10, with the results presented for students aged 13–15 years only.

Methodology

• Survey Design: A two-stage cluster sampling method was used to ensure the data was representative of all students in grades 6–10.
  • Stage 1: Schools were selected with probability proportional to enrollment size.
  • Stage 2: Classes were randomly selected, and all students in those classes were eligible to participate.
• Response Rates:
  • School Response Rate: 92%
  • Student Response Rate: 88%
  • Overall Response Rate: 81%
• Total Participants: 1,421 students
• Data Collection: Students self-reported their responses on a computer scannable answer sheet.

Key Findings

Alcohol and Other Drug Use

• Alcohol Use: 36.9% of students had at least one drink containing alcohol on one or more days in the past 30 days.
• Intoxication: 35.4% of students had gotten really drunk one or more times in their lifetime.
• Negative Consequences: 34.9% of students experienced hangovers, sickness, trouble with family or friends, missed school, or got into fights due to alcohol use.
• Drug Use: 41.2% of students had used drugs one or more times in their lifetime, with boys having a higher rate than girls.

Hygiene

• Handwashing: 7.2% of students never or rarely washed their hands before eating in the past 30 days.

Mental Health

• Loneliness: 10.9% of students felt lonely most of the time or always over the past 12 months.
• Social Isolation: 19.2% of students had no close friends.

Physical Activity

• Daily Activity: Only 10.1% of students were physically active for at least 60 minutes per day on all 7 days in the past week.
• Sedentary Behavior: 28.5% of students spent three or more hours per day on sitting activities like watching TV, playing games, or talking with friends.

Protective Factors

• Unauthorized Absences: 50.2% of students missed classes or school without permission on one or more days in the past 30 days.
• School Environment: 45.1% of students reported that most of their classmates were never or rarely kind and helpful.
• Parental Awareness: 45.9% of students indicated that their parents or guardians never or rarely knew what they were doing with their free time.

Sexual Behaviors

• Sexual Intercourse: 35.1% of students had ever had sexual intercourse, with a significantly higher rate among boys (51.3%) than girls (25.2%).
• Condom Use: Among those who had sexual intercourse, 14.6% used a condom the last time, with boys (20.6%) more likely to use condoms than girls (10.2%).

Tobacco Use

• Cigarette Smoking: 17.5% of students smoked cigarettes on one or more days in the past 30 days.
• Other Tobacco Products: 43.7% used any tobacco products other than cigarettes.
• Exposure to Smoking: 61.8% of students were exposed to people smoking in their presence.

Unintentional Injuries and Violence

• Physical Fights: 58.8% of students were involved in at least one physical fight in the past 12 months.
• Serious Injuries: 74.0% of students were seriously injured at least once in the past year.
• Bullying: 63.6% of students were bullied on one or more days in the past 30 days.

Conclusion

The 2004 GSHS highlights significant public health concerns among adolescents in the North West Region of Namibia. Issues such as alcohol and drug use, sexual risk behaviors, tobacco consumption, and exposure to violence and bullying are prevalent. Additionally, low levels of physical activity and poor hygiene practices indicate a need for targeted interventions. The survey underscores the importance of improving school environments, promoting healthy behaviors, and enhancing parental involvement in the lives of adolescents.