世界银行-泰国经济监测_2025年2月_释放增长来源_创新_中小企业和初创企业（英）-2025.2_71页_4mb

报告摘要

Executive Summary

The Thai economy grew by 2.6% in 2024, supported by public investment and electronics exports.
Global uncertainty and subdued external demand are expected to constrain growth in 2025.
Household debt remains high, posing risks to financial stability; government debt is sustainable.
High household debt and climate challenges could hinder progress toward upper-middle-income status.
The need for innovation is crucial for long-term growth, particularly for SMEs and green technologies.

Growth: Recovery lagged peers, driven by public investment and tourism, but struggled with weak private consumption.
Trade: Current account surplus increased, supported by electronics exports, while imports surged due to Chinese imports.
Inflation: Remained low due to energy subsidies, but policies aim to ease household debt and support consumption.
Fiscal Policy: The deficit decreased in 2024 but increased for 2025 due to expansionary stimulus; needs to balance spending with sustainability.

Innovation Performance: Thailand lags in SME innovation due to limited skills, regulations, and access to finance.
Key Challenges: Concentrated R&D spending, bureaucratic barriers to business entry, high household debt limiting venture capital.
Opportunities: Green innovation and digital transformation are essential for resilience and global competitiveness.

Boost SME Innovation: Enhance R&D programs, improve access to venture capital, and support skills development.
Promote Green Growth: Strengthen climate adaptation measures and encourage sustainable business practices.
Enhance Financial Framework: Ensure fiscal sustainability while supporting private investment in innovation.

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