世界经济论坛-2024年全球性别差距报告（英）-2024.6-385页_9mb

Summary of the Global Gender Gap Report 2024

Core Content

The Global Gender Gap Report 2024 presents the latest analysis of gender parity across 146 economies, measuring progress in four key dimensions: Economic Participation and Opportunity, Educational Attainment, Health and Survival, and Political Empowerment. The report highlights both global and regional trends, emphasizing the need for coordinated government and business action to close gender gaps and promote equality.

Key Findings

• Global Gender Gap Score: 68.5% of the gap has been closed globally in 2024, up by 1 percentage point from 2023.
• Time to Parity: It will take 134 years to reach full gender parity, which is about five generations beyond the 2030 Sustainable Development Goal (SDG) target.
• Top Performers: Iceland leads with 93.5% gap closure, followed by Finland, Norway, Sweden, Germany, Ireland, Spain, and Namibia.
• Regional Performance:
  • Europe leads with 75% gap closure, showing modest gains in economic parity and the highest political parity score (36%).
  • Northern America scores 74.8%, with stable educational and health parity (100% and 96.9% respectively).
  • Latin America and the Caribbean has made the biggest leap since 2006, closing 8.3 percentage points of the gap.
  • Eastern Asia and the Pacific scores 69.2%, with New Zealand and the Philippines in the global top 10.
  • Central Asia scores 69.1%, showing near-parity in education but regression in economic and political parity.
  • Sub-Saharan Africa scores 68.4%, with Namibia as a top 10 performer.
  • Southern Asia scores 63.7%, ranking last in economic participation.
  • Middle East and North Africa (MENA) ranks last with 61.7%, showing slow progress in political empowerment.

Subindex Progress

• Health and Survival: 96% closed, with no significant change since 2006.
• Educational Attainment: 94.9% closed, with a modest increase of 4.2 percentage points since 2006.
• Economic Participation and Opportunity: 60.5% closed, showing a significant improvement of 17 years in time to parity.
• Political Empowerment: 22.5% closed, with a slow progress of 8.3 percentage points over 18 editions.

Main Points

• Progress Trends: While the global gender gap has closed slightly, the pace of progress is still too slow to achieve parity by 2030.
• Workforce Representation: Women account for 42% of the global workforce but only 31.7% of senior leadership roles. The "drop to the top" remains steep, with a 21.5 percentage-point difference in representation between entry-level and C-suite positions.
• Leadership in Government: In 2024, 33% of parliamentary representation is female, nearly doubling since 2006. However, women remain underrepresented in ministerial roles.
• Care Systems: The report emphasizes the need for equitable care systems, as women's workforce participation is still recovering from increased caregiving responsibilities.
• Technology Transition: Women are underrepresented in STEM fields, with only 28.2% of the STEM workforce compared to 47.3% in non-STEM. This leads to a double disadvantage in technological and workforce transitions.
• AI Talent: Female representation in AI engineering has more than doubled since 2016, indicating progress in this emerging field.
• Future Skills: Gender gaps persist in the skills of the future, particularly in AI, big data, programming, and networks and cybersecurity. Coursera data shows higher gender parity in collaboration and leadership skills, teaching, and empathy.

Call to Action

• Governments and businesses must increase resourcing and commitment to close gender gaps.
• A mindset shift is required to recognize gender parity as a driver of economic growth and innovation.
• Collaborative efforts and targeted interventions are essential to accelerate progress.
• The Global Gender Parity Sprint was launched at the 2024 Annual Meeting in Davos to mobilize action and foster partnerships over the next six years.

Conclusion

The report underscores that while some progress has been made, the scale and speed of change are still inadequate. It calls for decisive leadership, dedicated resources, and cross-sector collaboration to achieve gender equality. The care economy and future skills are identified as critical areas for intervention.