IFPRI-2019全球粮食政策报告英文-20195-166页_21mb

2019 Global Food Policy Report Summary

Core Content

The 2019 Global Food Policy Report, published by the International Food Policy Research Institute (IFPRI), provides an in-depth analysis of global food policy developments from 2018 to 2019. It emphasizes the growing urgency to address the Sustainable Development Goals (SDGs), particularly SDG2 on Zero Hunger, through rural revitalization. The report highlights the critical role of rural areas in achieving these goals and outlines key challenges and opportunities in this context.

Main Points

• IFPRI's Mission: IFPRI is dedicated to providing research-based policy solutions to reduce poverty and end hunger and malnutrition. It integrates gender and focuses on systemic transformation of food systems and rural areas.

• Global Hunger and Nutrition Trends:

  • Undernourishment has increased for the third consecutive year, with 821 million people facing chronic food deprivation in 2017.
  • Stunting in children declined by 9% from 2012 to 2017, but anemia in women of reproductive age increased.
  • Overweight children remained relatively stable, but adult obesity continued to rise, with 672 million people now considered obese.

• Rural Challenges:

  • Rural areas are disproportionately affected by hunger, malnutrition, and lack of basic services.
  • Rural populations face economic and environmental crises, including degraded land and water, limited access to healthcare, and vulnerability to climate shocks.
  • Rural revitalization is essential to address these challenges and achieve the SDGs.

• Economic Growth and Trade:

  • Global economic growth remained strong at 3.1% in 2018.
  • Trade protectionism, especially the US-China trade war, had significant implications for global trade and agricultural sectors.
  • Developing countries feared being used as dumping grounds for tariff-hit products, but their exports could become more competitive in China.

• Policy Initiatives:

  • The African Union launched the African Agricultural Transformation Scorecard, tracking progress on the Malabo Declaration.
  • Ethiopia and Bangladesh introduced nutrition-sensitive agricultural strategies.
  • The G20 endorsed the "Whistler Principles" to accelerate innovation for development impact.
  • The EU regulated gene-edited crops under the same stringent rules as genetically modified organisms.

• Global Events and Collaborations:

  • The 2018 Global Parliamentary Summit against Hunger and Malnutrition brought together over 200 parliamentarians.
  • The IFPRI-FAO global event on Accelerating the End of Hunger and Malnutrition highlighted success stories and innovations.
  • The World Food Prize was awarded to Lawrence Haddad and David Nabarro for their work on nutrition.

• SDGs and Climate Change:

  • The SDGs remain a central focus, with challenges from climate change, conflict, and inequality.
  • The Paris Agreement "rulebook" was adopted at COP24, but experts worried about its adequacy.
  • The Intergovernmental Panel on Climate Change warned that limiting global warming to 1.5°C above pre-industrial levels would require unprecedented changes.

Key Information

• Rural Revitalization:

  • Rural revitalization is identified as a key strategy to achieve the SDGs and improve rural livelihoods.
  • It involves creating inclusive markets, improving access to basic services, and leveraging new technologies and opportunities.

• Technology and Innovation:

  • Entrepreneurial innovation and technology are highlighted as important tools for rural development.
  • Falling solar energy prices offer promise for developing rural economies.

• Gender and Inclusion:

  • Gender equality is a central theme, with women playing a critical role in rural revitalization.
  • Equitable access to skills, resources, and political voice is necessary to empower women in rural areas.

• Regional Developments:

  • Africa: 44 countries signed the African Continental Free Trade Agreement, and 19 had made progress in preparing National Agriculture Investment Plans.
  • Middle East and North Africa: Economic growth rates remained modest or negative, highlighting challenges in addressing unemployment.
  • South Asia: Countries like Bangladesh and Pakistan introduced nutrition strategies.
  • East and Southeast Asia: Positive growth and agricultural development were noted.
  • Latin America and the Caribbean: Rural revitalization efforts were highlighted.

• Food Policy Indicators:

  • The report includes various indicators such as Agricultural Science and Technology Indicators (ASTI), SPEED, FPRCI, and TFP.
  • These indicators help track changes and progress in food policy at the country and regional levels.

Conclusion

The 2019 Global Food Policy Report underscores the need for urgent and systemic changes in food and agricultural policies to address persistent rural crises and achieve the SDGs. It calls for increased political will, investment, and innovation to support rural revitalization and improve food and nutrition security globally.