2015年-世界发展银行全球_Enterprise_Surveys___Philippines_Country_Pofile_2015_12页_519kb

Enterprise Surveys: Philippines 2015 Summary

Core Content

The Enterprise Surveys (ES) conducted by the World Bank Group in the Philippines in 2015 aim to assess the business environment and its impact on firm performance. The survey covers a representative sample of 1,335 firms in the non-agricultural, formal, private economy, focusing on key areas such as infrastructure, trade, finance, regulations, corruption, crime, and informality. The data collected helps policymakers and researchers understand how these factors affect the private sector's growth and competitiveness.

Main Topics Covered

• Firms Characteristics: Includes firm age, gender participation in ownership and management, and workforce composition.
• Workforce: Details the number of permanent and temporary employees, gender distribution, and formal training provision.
• Firm Performance: Measures employment and sales growth.
• Physical Infrastructure: Assesses electricity and water supply reliability, and the time required to obtain infrastructure services.
• International Trade: Evaluates the extent of export and import activities, and the time needed to clear customs.
• Access to Finance: Highlights the sources of financing for firms, including internal funds, bank loans, and supplier credit.
• Crime and Informality: Identifies the costs of crime and the prevalence of informal firms.
• Regulations, Permits, and Taxes: Quantifies the time and effort spent on regulatory compliance and tax-related interactions.
• Corruption: Measures the incidence of bribery and informal payments in various business transactions.
• Business Environment Obstacles: Identifies the most significant challenges firms face in their operations.

Key Findings

Firm Characteristics

• The average age of firms is 19.4 years.
• 69.2% of firms have female participation in ownership, and 29.9% have female top managers.
• 38.5% of permanent full-time workers are female.
• 59.8% of firms offer formal training, with 75.3% of workers receiving it.
• Top managers have an average of 16.8 years of experience in the firm's sector.

Workforce

• The average number of permanent full-time workers is 32.9.
• 12.1% of firms employ temporary workers.
• 41.9% of workers are permanent production workers, and 16.6% are permanent non-production workers.
• 36.0% of production workers are skilled, while 4.6% are unskilled.
• 17.2% of production workers are unskilled.

Firm Performance

• The average real annual sales growth is 4.0%.
• The average annual employment growth is 3.2%.

Physical Infrastructure

• The average number of electrical outages in a typical month is 0.1.
• 0.2% of annual sales are lost due to electrical outages.
• The average time to obtain an electrical connection is 18.6 days.
• The average number of water insufficiencies in a typical month is 0.0.
• 0.3% of annual sales are lost due to water insufficiencies.

International Trade

• The average time to clear direct exports through customs is 14.5 days.
• 9.5% of firms export directly or indirectly.
• The average time to clear imports through customs is 17.8 days.
• 44.3% of firms use foreign-origin materials or supplies.

Access to Finance

• 93.2% of firms have a checking or savings account.
• 29.9% of firms have a bank loan or line of credit.
• 81.2% of investment is financed internally.
• 10.1% of investment is financed by banks.
• 2.6% of investment is financed by supplier credit.
• 5.5% of investment is financed by equity or stock sales.

Crime and Informality

• 0.7% of annual sales are spent on security.
• 0.2% of annual sales are lost due to theft and vandalism.
• 30.9% of firms compete against informal or unregistered firms.
• 93.3% of firms are formally registered when they started operations.

Regulations, Permits, and Taxes

• 5.4% of senior management time is spent dealing with government regulation.
• The average number of visits or meetings with tax officials is 1.0.
• The average time to obtain an import license is 36.6 days.
• The average time to obtain a construction-related permit is 27.3 days.
• The average time to obtain an operating license is 17.8 days.

Corruption

• 17.2% of firms experienced at least one bribe payment request.
• 39.9% of firms expect to give gifts to obtain a construction permit.
• 20.5% of firms expect to give gifts to secure a government contract.
• 14.1% of firms expect to give gifts during meetings with tax officials.

Business Environment Obstacles

• The most significant obstacle is access to finance (10.4%).
• Access to land (6.0%) and business licenses and permits (4.5%) are also notable challenges.
• Corruption (11.5%) and customs and trade regulations (5.0%) are additional concerns.

Conclusion

The Philippines 2015 Enterprise Survey highlights the importance of a supportive business environment in fostering firm growth and productivity. While the private sector is relatively formalized, challenges such as access to finance, corruption, and regulatory inefficiencies persist and hinder business performance. Addressing these issues is crucial for enhancing the competitiveness and sustainability of the private sector in the Philippines.