2015年-世界发展银行全球_Enterprise_Surveys___Papua_New_Guinea_County_Profile_2015_12页_529kb

Papua New Guinea 2015 Enterprise Survey Summary

Core Content

The World Bank Group's Enterprise Surveys (ES) provide an overview of key business environment indicators in Papua New Guinea (PNG), comparing them to regional and income-level benchmarks. The survey focuses on various aspects of the business environment, including firm characteristics, workforce, performance, infrastructure, international trade, access to finance, crime, informality, regulations, taxes, and corruption. The data is based on responses from 65 firms in the non-agricultural, formal, private sector, collected between August 2015 and June 2016.

Main Topics and Key Findings

Firms Characteristics

• The survey covers a wide range of sectors, including manufacturing and most services, excluding agriculture, public utilities, government services, health care, and financial services.
• The average age of firms is around 27–30 years.
• Female participation in ownership is 46.5%, while the percentage of firms with a female top manager is 13.8%.
• The proportion of female permanent full-time workers is 37.2%, and for non-production workers, it is 40.0%.

Workforce

• 73.7% of firms offer formal training.
• The proportion of workers receiving formal training varies, with 84.9% in some regions and 60.3% in others.
• Top managers have an average of 22.5 years of experience in the firm's sector.
• The average number of permanent full-time workers is 135.9, with 7.0 temporary workers.

Firm Performance

• Real annual sales growth is negative (-13.1%), while annual employment growth is positive (2.5%).
• The average growth rate for sales and employment is presented, highlighting challenges in firm performance.

Physical Infrastructure

• PNG experiences a high number of electrical outages (41.9 per month), leading to losses of 4.5% of annual sales.
• It takes an average of 47.1 days to obtain an electrical connection.
• Water insufficiencies are less common but still pose challenges, with an average of 1.0 per month.

International Trade

• 8.4% of firms export directly or indirectly, with 12.2% using foreign material inputs.
• The average number of days to clear direct exports through customs is 9.8, and for imports, it is 15.8 days.
• Trade-related constraints and inefficiencies are significant factors in business operations.

Access to Finance

• 95.3% of firms have a checking or savings account.
• 45.7% of firms have a bank loan or line of credit.
• 70.6% of investment is financed internally, with 26.6% from banks and 2.2% from supplier credit.

Crime and Informality

• Security costs account for 2.7% of annual sales, and losses due to theft and vandalism are 3.0%.
• 72.3% of firms compete against informal or unregistered firms.
• Informal practices may hinder formal firms by creating unfair advantages.

Regulations, Permits, and Taxes

• Senior management spends 8.8% of their time dealing with government regulations.
• On average, firms have 0.6 visits or meetings with tax officials.
• It takes an average of 44.0 days to obtain an import license and 88.1 days for a construction-related permit.

Corruption

• 26.4% of firms experience at least one bribe payment request.
• 35.5% of firms are expected to give gifts to obtain a construction permit.
• 23.1% of firms are expected to give gifts to secure a government contract.
• 0.0% of firms are expected to give gifts during meetings with tax officials.

Business Environment Obstacles

• The top business environment obstacles are:
  • Access to finance (8.2%)
  • Access to land (12.6%)
  • Business licenses and permits (4.1%)
  • Corruption (18.0%)
  • Courts (4.5%)
  • Crime, theft, and disorder (12.5%)
  • Customs and trade regulations (12.5%)
  • Informality (12.5%)
  • Tax compliance (12.5%)
  • Other (4.5%)

Conclusion

The Enterprise Surveys highlight the challenges faced by firms in PNG, particularly in areas such as access to finance, corruption, and regulatory compliance. These findings underscore the importance of improving the business environment to enhance productivity, reduce costs, and encourage formal business participation. Policymakers and researchers can use this data to assess the impact of reforms on firm performance and to identify areas requiring intervention to support sustainable economic growth.