2022-11-10-彼得森经济研究所-欧盟碳边界调整机制面临诸多挑战（英）_22页_370kb

EU emissions will surge due to climate policy changes. Starting Jan 2023, EU imports of specific carbon-intensive goods from overseas will be required to both pay comparable carbon levies or CBAM certificates equivalent to fees already charged by the EU ETS for similar goods. Meanwhile, significant steps are being made to tighten the EU’s climate policy targets by 2030 under the Fit for 55 measures. These new climate policy reforms will be challenged by carbon leakage and legal conflicts. The CBAM is designed to protect domestic industries from carbon-inefficient imports and encourage foreign countries to adopt more ambitious climate policies. Its phased implementation has little immediate impact on trade with most EU partners except for countries exporting to the EU the goods most likely to be targeted by CBAM levies, such as South Korea, China, India, Russia, Ukraine, and Turkey. Weaknesses of CBAM – including its trade and climate policy effects and implementation and coverage – have been highlighted by critics and the European Parliament, resulting in legislative “carrots,” like export rebates.