2003-12-31-世界卫生组织-2004_STEPS_Country_Report_Maldives_42页_333kb

The Maldives conducted a STEPwise survey in 2004 to assess non-communicable disease (NCD) risk factors among adults aged 25-64 in the capital city of Male', using WHO guidelines. The survey aimed to provide data for NCD prevention by identifying key modifiable risk factors, as the country faces a rising burden of chronic diseases like cardiovascular issues and diabetes due to transition from infectious to NCDs.

Key findings include:

• Tobacco use: 24.7% of the population smoked daily, with smoking starting around age 18 and an average duration of 24 years, contributing to cancers and cardiovascular diseases.
• Diet and physical activity: Most adults consumed less than 5 servings of fruits and vegetables per day (e.g., <5 servings for both men and women), and physical inactivity was high, with over 90% reporting sedentary work, increasing risks for obesity, diabetes, and cancer.
• Physiological measures: Average BMI was 25.2 kg/m², with obesity rates at 13.4%. Hypertension prevalence was 26.5%, and blood glucose issues (incl. diabetes) were common.
• Biochemical factors: High cholesterol was prevalent, with over 50% of adults at risk, and insulin resistance noted.

These risk factors collectively drive NCDs, emphasizing the need for public health interventions. Recommendations include promoting behavior change through awareness campaigns, implementing stronger tobacco controls, creating supportive environments for physical activity, and policies to improve access to affordable fruits and vegetables to reduce the disease burden and healthcare costs.