2004-12-31-世界卫生组织-2005_STEPS_Country_Report_Zimbabwe_106页_670kb

报告摘要

Zimbabwe Non-Communicable Disease Risk Factors Survey Summary

Introduction and Background

The survey aimed to assess risk factors for non-communicable diseases (NCDs) in Zimbabwe using the WHO STEPwise Approach (STEPS).
3,081 participants aged 25 years and older across three provinces (Mashonaland Central, Midlands, Matebeleland South) were surveyed.
Key NCDs covered included hypertension, diabetes, and cardiovascular risks.

Methodology

Design: Multistage sampling with three survey stages and adapted STEPS methodology.
Data Collection: Included questionnaires, physical measurements (height, weight, blood pressure), and biochemical tests (glucose, lipids).
Sample Size: Targeted 3,000 participants; actual enrollment was 3,081 due to non-response.
Key Tools: WHO STEPwise approach, adapted survey instruments, and centralized laboratory analysis.

Results

Demographics: Female majority (75%), high educational attainment (85.7% primary or higher), and unemployment prevalent (40.8%).
Lifestyle Factors: High alcohol (males: 58%, females: 13.5%) and tobacco use (males predominant). Physical inactivity was widespread across work, travel, and leisure.
Anthropometric Data: Higher obesity rates in females (BMI ⬃2, grade 2 obesity: 23.9% in females vs. negligible in males). Central obesity also linked to females.
Hypertension: Age-specific prevalence rose from ~8% in young adults to ~30% in those >65 years. Higher in females and Matebeleland South.
Diabetes: Overall prevalence ~2.4% (diagnosed). Using stricter glucose criteria, higher rates (13% via OGTT) were observed in Matebeleland South. Undiagnosed cases were high.
Lipids: High prevalence of abnormal levels (total cholesterol >5.2 mmol/L: 20–21%), but protective HDL higher than expected.

Discussion

High prevalence of modifiable NCD risk factors in Zimbabwe.
Challenges included high dropout rates for biochemical tests and lack of standardized tools.
Findings highlight urgent need for preventive strategies and surveillance due to rising NCD burden alongside infectious diseases.

Conclusion

Significant and widespread NCD risk factors exist, necessitating national policies and standardized surveillance to address prevention, control, and care.

Key Recommendations