2023-06-08-国际清算银行-央行数字货币_持续的政策视角_10页_566kb

报告摘要

A group of central banks and the Bank for International Settlements is exploring "general purpose" or "retail" central bank digital currencies (CBDCs) to address financial stability, technological innovation, and public access to central bank money.
Most central banks are now exploring CBDCs, with many conducting pilots; however, no jurisdiction has decided to issue a retail CBDB.
Motivation includes positioning CBDC as a public good and leveraging it as an innovative monetary system, necessitating careful policy and technical analysis.

CBDC development requires extensive stakeholder engagement, including private sector and lawmakers, with no universal approach to outreach.
Private innovation is seen as critical for CBDC success, and central banks may adopt different governance models for private sector involvement.
A CBDC ecosystem should involve public and private participation to meet policy objectives, such as financial inclusion and user benefits, with various business models to consider.
Design must balance adoption with risks, including demand management, interoperability with existing payments systems, and cross-border functionalities.
Legal and regulatory issues span classification, data privacy, competition, and liability, requiring national law adaptations and international cooperation.
Technological decisions, such as blockchain use, lack definitive answers, with a focus on scalability, security, and potential for programmability and micropayments.

Box 1: Methods for engaging stakeholders, including bilateral exchanges, forums, and public consultations.
Box 2: Legal issues like classification, authority, settlement finality, and data governance.
Box 3: Tools for managing stressed conditions, such as holding limits or price-based measures.
Box 4: Blockchain implications, including programmable payments, micropayments, and post-quantum cryptography.

The collaborative group continues to share perspectives, with future decisions on CBDC issuance based on national circumstances and policy goals, including potential deepened technology investments and cross-border collaborations.

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