世界银行-混乱的海洋：南亚被遗弃、丢失或丢弃渔具的快照（英）-2023-99页_5mb

Tangled Seas: A Snapshot of Abandoned, Lost, or Otherwise Discarded Fishing Gear in South Asia
August 2023

Background and Problem Statement

• ALDFG (Abandoned, Lost, or Otherwise Discarded Fishing Gear) is a significant contributor to marine plastic pollution in South Asia, with an estimated 9,531 tons of ALDFG entering the ocean annually across Bangladesh, India (excluded), the Maldives, and Pakistan.
• ALDFG poses severe threats to marine wildlife (e.g., entanglement, ingestion), disrupts ecosystems, and exacerbates socioeconomic challenges for fishing communities, such as reduced catch rates and increased repair costs.

Key Findings

1. Regional Variation in ALDFG Generation:

   • Bangladesh: Highest ALDFG generation (e.g., monofilament gillnets predominant).
   • Maldives: Lowest ALDFG due to reliance on line-based fishing.
   • Pakistan: High ALDFG from gillnets snagging on rocky seabeds.
   • Sri Lanka: Challenges in data collection due to COVID-19, but lower ALDFG reported.

2. Economic and Environmental Impact:

   • ALDFG accounts for ~34% of total gear on board by weight but ~40% of end-of-life (EOL) gear is discarded, with low recycling rates.
   • Replacement costs for ALDFG total ~$109 million annually, making disposal the cheapest option for fishermen.

3. Socioeconomic and Cultural Factors:

   • Poverty, lack of alternative livelihoods, and informal lending systems (e.g., "dadons") drive unsustainable fishing practices, increasing ALDFG.

Recommendations

1. Short-Term Actions:

   • Conduct ALDFG baseline assessments for India.
   • Refine methodologies for measuring ALDFG impacts.
   • Raise awareness among fishermen and communities.

2. Global and Regional Frameworks:

   • Strengthen implementation of existing international agreements (e.g., MARPOL, London Convention).
   • Include ALDFG in the upcoming global plastic treaty.
   • Promote regional cooperation through SACEP and GPML.

3. Cooperation and Data Sharing:

   • Establish a regional ALDFG database and standardized monitoring systems.
   • Use satellite/GIS for hotspot mapping and behavioral change analysis.

4. Private Sector Engagement:

   • Develop incentives for biodegradable fishing gear and closed-loop recycling systems.
   • Support venture capital for innovative ALDFG solutions.

5. Mitigating ALDFG:

   • Promote the 6R framework (Reduce, Reuse, Recycle, etc.).
   • Improve fisheries management and address IUU fishing through VMS and licensing.

6. Waste Management:

   • Enhance waste infrastructure, enforce EPR (Extended Producer Responsibility), and explore gear buy-back programs.
   • Fund behavioral change initiatives through eco-taxes and levies.

Conclusion

• ALDFG is a shared challenge requiring integrated, regional, and global efforts.
• Transitioning to a "circular blue economy" and strengthening international collaboration are critical to mitiging ALDFG impacts.