2024-12-08-世界银行-_迷失在海上_与被遗弃_丢失和丢弃的渔具作斗争_（ALDFG）（英）_50页_16mb

报告摘要

LOST AT SEA: Combating Abandoned, Lost, and Otherwise Discarded Fishing Gear (ALDFG)

Overview

AlDFG causes significant environmental and economic harm through ghost fishing and pollution. Existing efforts are fragmented across sectors and life cycle stages, limiting effectiveness. An International Legally Binding Instrument (ILBI) represents a key opportunity for harmonization and holistic management.

Solutions Across the Fishing Gear Life Cycle

Design & Production

Prevention: Design gear for reusability, repairability, recyclability; use fewer/avoidable plastics; mark gear for traceability/disposal.
Mitigation: Incorporate biodegradable materials (caution needed); reduce hazardous substances (e.g., lead); add reflective components/tagging.
Remediation: Design for disassembly/recycling; facilitate component identification.

Usage

Prevention: Implement input/output controls (limits on gear/fishing seasons); designate safe fishing zones; enforce gear separation.
Mitigation: Use biodegradable materials/components; disable mechanisms to reduce ghost fishing; eliminate toxic materials.
Remediation: Mandate recovery when safe; Conduct fisher training; Report/monitor lost gear; Encourage retrieval programs.

End-of-Life

Prevention: Provide feasible disposal options (recycling, repurposing, dry storage); establish port reception facilities.
Mitigation: Promote biodegradable/multi-material designs minimizing environmental damage.
Remediation: Remove ALDFG/targeted retrieval/develop circular business models (reuse, recycling).

Key Existing Initiatives

Voluntary: FAO Voluntary Guidelines on Fishing Gear Marking, GGGI Best Practice Frameworks, UNEP tools, WWF campaigns, IMO MARPOL (Annex V).
Intergovernmental: London Convention/Protocol, INC-2/3 processes. No legally binding instrument exists specifically for ALDFG.

ILBI Potential

The ILBI offers an opportunity to:

Harmonize sectoral approaches globally.
Promote use of safe, recyclable materials & circularity.
Advance appropriate waste management (EPR, port reception facilities).
Dispel IUU fishing contributions to ALDFG.
Address impacts of ALDFG on vulnerable states (SIDS).

Key Considerations

Harmonization: Coordinate shipping, fisheries, and waste management authorities.
Collaboration: Engage diverse stakeholders across life cycle stages.
Regulatory Measures: Enforce reporting systems and gear marking.
Standards Development: Create global standards for material use/biodegradability.
Circularity: Design for reusability/recyclability; provide waste infrastructure.
Financing/Economics: Support development/calculation of alternative gear (avoiding cost barriers/discrimination); manage fishery transitions.

Summary of Actions per Life Cycle Stage

Stage	Prevention	Mitigation	Remediation
Design & Prod	Mark gear, avoid harm, design for later use	Use biodegradables/natural fibers, disable mechanisms, omit toxins	Facilitate disassembly/identify components
Usage	Manage access/seasons/zones, train fishers, recovery reporting	Material changes, disable mechanisms, eliminate toxins	Attempt recovery, retrieve encountered gear
EOL	Disposal options, ports, systems fee (IMF?), avoid intentional discard	Biodegradable design, verify minimal harm upon degradation	Remove from environment (cleanup/recovery), value circular business models