联合国贸易发展委员会-能源转型的投资政策：激励和抑制措施（英）-2023-29页_933kb

Summary of UNCTAD Investment Policy Monitor for Energy Transition

Key Highlights

• Energy Transition Investment Gap: The SDG investment gap is vast, with $4 trillion annually needed globally, and $2.2 trillion specifically for energy in developing countries. Successful transition requires investments in renewables, decommissioning fossil fuels, and cleaner technologies.

• Policy Adequacy and Incentives: Two-thirds of countries have renewable energy policies, but only half of LDCs and one-third of SIDS have adopted them. Developed economies favor targeted tools like Feed-in Tariffs and auctions, while developing countries rely on generic tax incentives and subsidies. Auctions are gaining traction as cost-effective and transparent mechanisms.

• Fossil Fuel Subsidies: Global fossil fuel subsidies reached $1 trillion in 2022, hindering clean energy investment by artificially lowering costs. Phasing out these subsidies and reallocating funds can redirect finance toward renewables and support energy transition.

• Clean Energy Technologies: Technologies like CCUS, CHP, and low-carbon fuels are critical for decarbonizing fossil fuel plants but are primarily deployed in developed and large emerging economies. Barriers include high costs, limited regulatory frameworks, and complex implementation.

• Global Action Needed: UNCTAD's World Investment Report 2023 proposes a Global Action Compact for Sustainable Energy for All, emphasizing climate goals, affordable energy access, and energy security through coordinated investment policies.

Conclusions

Policies must evolve to address private investment barriers, especially in developing countries, to accelerate the energy transition. Detailed incentive and regulatory tools are essential for cost-effective renewable deployment and reducing dependence on fossil fuels. International cooperation and phasing out subsidies are crucial steps.