2008-12-31-世界卫生组织-2009_GATS_Country_report_Egypt_184页_2mb

Global Adult Tobacco Survey (GATS) - Egypt Country Report 2009 Summary

Core Content

The Global Adult Tobacco Survey (GATS) is a nationally representative household survey conducted in Egypt in 2009. It aimed to collect internationally comparable data on tobacco use and control measures through standardized methodologies. The survey was implemented by the Ministry of Health, CAPMAS, and supported by WHO and CDC. It was funded by the Bloomberg Initiative to Reduce Tobacco Use.

Main Objectives

• To assess tobacco use patterns and cessation behaviors.
• To evaluate exposure to second-hand smoke.
• To analyze the economic impact of tobacco use.
• To examine media exposure and public knowledge, attitudes, and perceptions toward tobacco.

Key Findings

Tobacco Use

• 19.4% of adults (9.7 million) smoked tobacco, with 37.7% of men and 0.5% of women.
• 95% of current smokers were daily smokers.
• Manufactured cigarettes were the most popular among men (31.7%), followed by shisha (6.2%).
• Women had a very low prevalence of tobacco use, with only 0.3% currently using shisha.
• Smokeless tobacco use was reported by 2.6% of adults, with 4.8% of men and 0.3% of women.

Cessation

• 16.6% of ever daily smokers had quit smoking.
• 41.1% of smokers attempted to quit in the past 12 months.
• 17.9% of smokers successfully quit.
• 42.8% of current cigarette smokers expressed interest in quitting.
• Only 2.0% used pharmacotherapy and 4.0% used cessation counseling.

Second-Hand Smoke Exposure

• 70.8% of adults allowed smoking in their homes.
• 51.2% were exposed to smoke in their home at least weekly.
• 60.7% of indoor workers were exposed to second-hand smoke at work, including 58.5% of non-smokers.
• 34.5% of worksites had "disallowing" smoking policies, but 31.1% were still exposed to second-hand smoke in the past 30 days.
• 79.6% were exposed to second-hand smoke in public transport, 72.7% in restaurants, 72.8% in government buildings, and 49.2% in healthcare facilities.

Economics

• 83.2% of manufactured cigarette smokers bought their last cigarettes in a shop.
• 98.6% noticed health warnings on cigarette packages.
• Average monthly cigarette expenditure was 109.8 EGP.
• Cleopatra was the most popular cigarette brand.

Media and Awareness

• 79.1% noticed anti-cigarette advertisements, mainly on satellite TV (55.8%) and local TV (51.9%).
• 72.6% noticed anti-shisha advertisements, mostly on satellite TV (51.5%) and local TV (47.4%).
• 10.5% noticed pro-cigarette advertising, mostly in stores (8.0%).
• 3.2% noticed pro-cigarette promotions (e.g., branded clothing).
• 2.1% noticed pro-cigarette sponsorships.
• 4.2% noticed shisha marketing, mainly in stores (2.5%).

Knowledge, Attitudes, and Perceptions

• 97.6% believed smoking causes serious illness.
• 88.6% believed smoking causes stroke, 95.0% believed it causes heart attack, and 96.2% believed it causes lung cancer.
• 97.4% believed shisha smoking causes serious illness, with similar beliefs about specific diseases.

Policy Implications and Recommendations

• GATS has proven to be an essential tool for the Global Tobacco Surveillance System (GTSS), enabling the monitoring of tobacco control measures.
• Policy Recommendations:
  • Pass a by-law to ensure completely smoke-free environments in all indoor public spaces and workplaces.
  • Develop and implement a comprehensive cessation program.
  • Enforce pictorial warnings on all shisha and smokeless tobacco packages, including local and multinational brands.
  • Implement progressive tax increases on tobacco products to keep pace with inflation.

Methodology Highlights

• Three-stage stratified cluster sampling was used, ensuring representation across five regions in Egypt.
• 23,760 households were selected, with 20,946 interviews completed.
• Response rates were high: 98.9% for households, 98.4% for individuals, and 97.3% overall.
• Electronic data collection was introduced for the first time in Egypt, using 140 handheld machines.
• The survey was conducted in 880 enumeration areas across the country.

Collaborative Efforts

• The GATS project was a joint national and international initiative.
• WHO and CDC provided technical support.
• CAPMAS was responsible for sample selection, pilot testing, fieldwork, and data analysis.
• The Bloomberg Initiative to Reduce Tobacco Use provided financial support.

Conclusion

The 2009 GATS in Egypt provides a comprehensive overview of tobacco use and its associated risks, highlighting the need for stronger tobacco control policies. The data collected supports informed decision-making for public health interventions and policy development, contributing to the global effort in tobacco surveillance and prevention. The MPOWER package was integrated into the analysis, offering a framework for monitoring and addressing the tobacco epidemic in Egypt.