2015-12-31-世界卫生组织-2016_GSHS_Country_Report_Myanmar_92页_1mb

Nutrition and Physical Activity:
The survey found high rates of underweight (18%) and emerging overweight (7.6% and 1.9% for overweight and obesity, respectively), indicating a dual burden of malnutrition. Dietary habits are poor, with low fruit and vegetable consumption (18.2% eat fruits ≥2 days/day, 17.9% eat vegetables ≥3 days/day) and high intake of carbonated drinks and junk food (44.9% drink soda daily, 46.4% eat junk food ≥2 days/week). Physical activity is low, with only 14.2% meeting minimum guidelines, showing a decline since the 2007 survey.

Tobacco and Alcohol Use:
Tobacco use is prevalent (9.8%), with high secondhand smoke exposure (72.4% exposure in the past week). Most users start early, and quitting attempts are common. Alcohol use increased from 0.8% to 4.7% among young adolescents, with rising heavy drinking; parental use is common, and access to alcohol is unsupervised.

Mental Health and Suicide Risk:
Mental health is alarming, with almost 9% reporting suicide attempts, 9.4% serious consideration, and 6.8% planning. High levels of sadness, hopelessness, and depression-like symptoms (27.2%) were reported, worsening from previous data. Parental engagement declined significantly since the 2007 survey.

Violence, Injuries, and Bullying:
Physical violence and bullying are widespread (32.7% physical attacks, 50.1% bullied), with notable increases in some areas like bullying prevalence. About one-third had serious injuries (36.3%), often in sports.

HIV/AIDS Knowledge and Personal Hygiene:
Knowledge is high (92.9% awareness, 67.3% taught about prevention), but misconceptions may exist. Personal hygiene is generally good, with high toothbrushing rates (93.8%), but handwashing habits declined significantly, particularly before eating (from 2.8% to 6.6%).

Key Comparisons and Recommendations:
Compared to the 2007 survey, there are concerning increases in tobacco, alcohol, mental health issues, and some violence indicators. Recommendations include early interventions, multi-sectoral programs, strengthening school health policies, and addressing behavioral risks to prevent long-term health problems like chronic diseases and mental health disorders.