2025年世界粮食与农业状况_148页_10mb

Land degradation poses a significant threat to agricultural productivity and global food security. Farms of all sizes contribute to production, but large-scale operations control most land, while smallholder farms, predominant in Africa and Asia, face multiple constraints that limit productivity. Evidence links land degradation to yield gaps, particularly in high-income countries and tropical regions. Globally, small farms (<2 hectares) make up 85 percent of farms, yet they operate only on 9 percent of farmland; in contrast, farms over 1,000 hectares manage half the world's cropland.

The path toward addressing land degradation requires differentiated strategies based on farm size, land condition, and socio-ecological contexts. A scale-dependent approach is crucial to minimize negative externalities, combining regulatory measures with incentive-based policies to promote sustainable land management. Strengthening land tenure security and access for women is essential for inclusive and resilient agri-food systems. A comprehensive understanding of land distribution and the effective integration of policy instruments are key to achieving land degradation neutrality and sustainable food systems by 2030.