亚开行-道路维护的可持续资金（英）-2025.8_12页_857kb

Complex infrastructure projects typically face funding gaps due to budget constraints and increasing life-cycle costs. This report focuses on road maintenance funding challenges in developing countries of Asia and the Pacific, where average underfunding stands at 40%. These challenges will intensify with aging road networks, expanding usage, and extreme weather events. Various sustainability measures are discussed.

Key solutions include:

• Road User Charges (RUCs): Directly taxing road use (tolls, fuel taxes, vehicle taxes). Benefits: supplemental revenue, promotes "user pays" fairness. Challenges: configuration suitability, high setup costs, affordability/access issues, political acceptance.
• Road Maintenance Funds (RMFs): Dedicated funding mechanisms, often independent (e.g., accounting separately, can carry over funds). Benefits: stable funding, better fund utilization. Challenges: reduced government flexibility (can be 'off-budget'), concerns about macroeconomic impact.
• Road Asset Management Systems (RAMS): Use technology (GIS, AI, drones) to track road conditions, prioritize maintenance, optimize budgets. Requires sustained institutionalization and investment.
• Performance-Based Road Maintenance (PBRM): Contractors paid based on performance metrics (road quality). Benefits: quality assurance, efficiency, lifecycle cost savings (often 10-40%). Challenges: Requires technical capacity for monitoring, risk sharing, initial contractor training.
• Community-Based Road Maintenance (CBRM): Engaging local communities in maintenance, particularly suitable for remote areas. Benefits: utilizes local labor, cost-effective, fosters ownership. Challenges: reliability issues, need for community engagement/buy-in, may not solve overall funding.
• Public-Private Partnerships (PPPs): Leveraging private sector funding and expertise. Challenges include risk allocation, complex contract structures, and professional capacity requirements.

The report concludes that simply increasing project-level funding interventions is insufficient. Broader sector-wide interventions, strengthening institutional systems, and promoting greater transparency and accountability (especially through Public Financial Management - PFM) through technology are necessary to ensure sustainable road maintenance financing and effectively manage the region's expected continued growth and development.