2023-01-14-亚开行-CAREC地区的道路资金和道路使用者费用（英）_116页_1mb

报告摘要

Road funds use earmarked revenues from road user charges to finance road maintenance and repairs.
Countries moved from first-generation funds with basic treasury accounts to second-generation funds with independent entities and broader stakeholder representation for improved accountability and transparency.
Effective management and adequate funding are essential for sustainable road infrastructure development.

Management: Road Budget Trust Fund managed by the State Agency for Azerbaijan Automobile Roads (AAYDA), not in separate board.
Eligible Activities: Primarily maintenance, repair, operational costs.
Revenue Sources: Fuel tax (30%, mostly non-earmarked), road tax.
Funding Needs: $182 million/year (similar to needs in 2012). Allocation issues: too much to routine maintenance, not enough to periodic maintenance.

Management: New Road Fund operationalized in 2023, managed by an independent secretariat with a 9-member board including road users.
Eligible Activities: Broad scope including maintenance, repair, design, equipment, inspections, training.
Revenue Sources: Fuel excise tax (35%, partially), vehicle registration fee (18%), tolls.
Funding Needs: $49 million in 2022 (before integrating tolls). Inefficient use: too little for periodic maintenance.

Management: State Road Fund partially off-budget, managed directly by National Highway Authority (NHA) but plans independent secretariat. Board representation limited.
Eligible Activities: Maintenance, repair, equipment, inspections, staff training (RAMS recommended).
Revenue Sources: Tolling (25%, low with high collection costs), fuel tax ($5M-$13M/year, 15-28%, non-earmarked), vehicle tax (small).
Funding Needs: $60 million/year needed ($40M 'Optimal'/road), Road Fund revenue jumped to $20M in 2020 (coverage 62%). Shortage especially for perimeter roads.

Management: Road Maintenance Account (RMA) off-budget, no dedicated board; operated by NHA.
Eligible Activities: Maintenance spectrum, equipment procurement per guidelines.
Revenue Sources: Tolling (44%, rising), other fees (limited).
Funding Needs: $415 million/state yearly needed (road fund revenue $250M in 2019); road fund revenue $49 million/year; RAMS used to prioritize funding effectively.

Management: New funds transitioning from weakly-managed RRF ($492M/2018). Current structure mixes operational costs with road fund. Recent reforms needed.
Eligible Activities: Similar to Kyrgyz, broad scope but funds misapplied ($8,000/km funding vs. $10,000/km needed).
Revenue Sources: Budgetary transfers, foreign loans, regional feeds. New funds (2022) below expectations.
Funding Needs: Funding needs $433 million/year (assessed), economic conditions drive policy towards new fuel taxes, need trademark registration fees, RAMS integration.

Management Structure: Strengthen road funds through independent secretariats with diverse stakeholder boards.
Eligible Activities: Prioritize maintenance and repair; clearly define roles for RAMS and other operational costs financing.
Revenue Sources: Diversify funding, fully earmark key revenues like fuel and import taxes.
Funding Needs: Implement RAMS consistently across all countries to optimize funding allocation and justify planning.
Transparency & Accountability: Ensure regular audits, publish financial reports, involve road users in oversight.

展开完整摘要