2024-09-18-世界卫生组织-Disease_Commodity_Packages_-_Mpox_5页_202kb

Mpox Operation Support and Logistics Summary

This document provides detailed guidance on the operational aspects of mpox response, including surveillance, prevention, control, diagnostics, and commodity packages. Below is a structured summary of the key points.

1. Disease Epidemiology and Biosafety

• Mpox has a high epidemic potential, requiring careful management. The biosafety level for handling mpox agents is BSL-3, as per WHO guidelines.
• Surveillance focuses on sample collection for diagnosis, with lesion material being the primary specimen type. Testing methods include nucleic acid amplification testing (NAAT), such as PCR, and point-of-care (POC) tests. Specimens must be handled with triple packaging and shipped by a dangerous goods-certified shipper due to potential infectivity.

2. Diagnosis and Technical Guidance

• Diagnostic tests target conserved orthopoxvirus or mpox virus genes using NAAT. Recommended specimens include lesion swabs (transported dry or in viral transport media), or alternative swabs if lesions are absent.
• WHO technical guidance emphasizes the use of validated kits, such as manual or high-throughput PCR systems, and POC testing. Supply development is ongoing, and users should refer to the most recent WHO guidance for accuracy and updates.

3. Prevention, Control, and Infection Protection

• Prevention strategies include vaccination for high-risk groups, with consideration for regulatory approvals under emergency use.
• Infection prevention and control (IPC) measures involve a hierarchy of controls. Health care workers must wear appropriate personal protective equipment (PPE), including gloves, gowns, masks, respirators, and eye protection, based on contact and droplet precautions.
• Specific PPE requirements are detailed: for example, category III gloves for exam use, level 1 fluid-resistant masks, N95/FFP2 respirators, and face shields. Engineering controls and administrative measures are central to reducing transmission risks.

4. Case Management and Treatment

• Mpox management is supportive, focusing on IV fluids, pain relief, and antiviral agents where available. Complications may require intensive care.
• Outbreak control activities involve commodity items for surveillance, prevention, and case management, ensuring rapid development and refinement per WHO recommendations.

5. Disease Commodity Packages and Logistics

• Commodity packages cover essential items such as swabs, viral transport media, PCR kits, vaccines, and PPE. Additional items include sharps containers, disinfectants, and waste management supplies like biohazard bags and body bags for dignified burials.
• Key specifications for reusable and disposable items are provided, including PPE standards and regulations. For example, gloves comply with EN 455 or ASTM standards, and respirators meet N95 or FFP2 criteria.

6. Regulations and Standards

• Compliance with EU regulations and other regional standards govern PPE, vaccines, and waste management. CDC or WHO standards apply to disinfectants and other supplies, ensuring safety and efficacy.

Overall, this guidance supports comprehensive mpox response with an emphasis on safety, effective diagnostics, and accessible prevention tools. Users should consult WHO technical documents for updates and country-specific protocols.