2023-06-22-世界银行-科摩罗国家环境分析_投资自然资本促进可持续发展（英）_145页_3mb

Country Environmental Analysis
COMOROS

1. Country Environmental Analysis for Comoros

• Purpose: Assess natural resource sustainability to support long-term development and inform evidence-based policy decisions.
• Methodology: Based on a literature review, data analysis, stakeholder interviews (2022), and focus groups. Outcomes were validated through a verification workshop with key stakeholders.

2. Introduction

• National Overview: Comoros is a small island developing state with rich biodiversity and natural resources, but faces challenges in sustainable management.
• Natural Capital Importance: Resources like forests, fisheries, and tourism underpin economic growth and livelihoods, but degradation threatens sustainability.

3. The Decline in Natural Capital

• Key Drivers:
  • Population growth and urbanization increasing resource pressure.
  • High dependence on natural resources for livelihoods (e.g., agriculture and fisheries).
  • Climate change accelerating degradation and reducing ecosystem resilience.
  • Unsustainable practices (e.g., deforestation, land degradation).
• Costs of Inaction: Estimated annual costs of environmental degradation reach US$274 million, impacting GDP and ecosystem services (Sutton et al., 2016).

4. Environmental Governance and Institutional Framework

• Legal and Policy Landscape:
  • Framework Law of the Environment (1994) and updated National Environmental Policy (2021) address climate change and biodiversity.
  • Governance challenges include weak enforcement, inadequate funding, and unclear institutional roles.
• Decentralization and Capacity Building:
  • Decentralization incomplete; need for stronger local implementation and public awareness campaigns.
  • Strengthen capacity of institutions and stakeholders to improve environmental management.

5. Key Environmental Sectors

Land

• Status: 57% of arable land degraded; soil erosion threatens agriculture.
• Recommendations: Adopt agroforestry, promote climate-resilient agriculture, and update land-use plans.

Forests

• Status: 20% decline in forest capital per capita (2000–2020); deforestation driven by agriculture and IUU fishing.
• Recommendations: Create protected areas, enforce forest regulations, and restore mangroves for flood control.

Water

• Status: Insufficient supply despite abundant theoretical resources; water quality issues in urban areas.
• Recommendations: Scale up IWRM, invest in infrastructure, and revise water legislation.

Fisheries and Marine Ecosystems

• Status: IUU fishing, habitat degradation, and coral reef bleaching threaten fish stocks.
• Recommendations: Combat IUU, promote sustainable fishing, and develop marine spatial plans.

Solid Waste Management

• Status: Informal dumping and limited recycling; gaps in data and infrastructure.
• Recommendations: Implement circular economy principles, enhance waste collection, and raise awareness.

Nature-Based Tourism

• Status: Untapped potential due to weak infrastructure and connectivity issues.
• Recommendations: Leverage protected areas for tourism, promote co-management, and align tourism strategy with NDCs.

6. Looking Ahead

• Country-Level Approach: Prioritize integrated landscape management, address data gaps, and enhance private sector engagement.
• Recommendations: Align national policies with the PCE 2030; fill knowledge gaps on environmental impacts.

7. Conclusions

• The Comoros must balance economic development with environmental conservation to achieve sustainable growth.
• Strengthening institutions, promoting sectoral integration, and engaging local communities are critical.

8. References

• Sources include UNEP, World Bank, and national policies, with stable URLs provided for further reading.

Note: This summary is based on the provided text without additional formatting elements.