世界银行-尼日尔国家环境分析（英）-2023-96页_8mb

Niger faces significant environmental challenges, with land degradation, deforestation, and climate change being the most pressing. Land degradation, driven by rapid population growth, inappropriate farming practices, and climate change, has economic costs amounting to over US$646 million annually. It disproportionately affects regions like Tillaberi and Tahoua, leading to reduced food security, malnutrition, and increased migration. Deforestation and forest degradation, with rates nearly double the Sub-Saharan Africa average, threaten valuable species like Acacia Senegal and Moringa trees. Climate change exacerbates these issues, with predicted temperature increases and rainfall variability impacting agriculture, water resources, and health.

The Government of Niger has made efforts to address these challenges through policies such as the Land Policy, National Forestry Plan, and commitment under the NDC, but significant gaps remain due to insufficient funding and data inconsistencies. Recommendations include promoting sustainable land management practices like Farmer-Managed Natural Regeneration (FMNR), scaling up water harvesting techniques, introducing climate-resilient crops, enhancing local governance structures, improving forest inventory and valuation, and building national capacities for climate data collection. Strengthening institutional mechanisms and community participation is essential for effective environmental governance.