亚开行-人工智能和机器人对就业和劳动生产率的影响_来自韩国的企业级证据（英）-2025.2_23页_737kb

Implications of AI and Robots for Employment and Labor Productivity

Based on Firm-Level Evidence from the Republic of Korea

Key Findings

1. Employment Effects

   • Both robot and AI adoption increase employment, though the mechanisms differ.
   • AI adoption is linked to long-term permanent employment growth, while robots primarily create temporary jobs.

2. Productivity Effects

   • AI adoption improves labor productivity but reduces the labor share of income, indicating a shift toward capital gains.
   • Robot adoption does not significantly enhance labor productivity at the firm level.

3. Synergy Between AI and Robots

   • Combining AI and robotics temporarily boosts employment but shows no evidence of productivity gains, suggesting a lack of synergy or effective integration.

Policy Implications

• Understanding the differential impacts of AI and robotics is crucial for policymakers addressing labor market transformations.
• Focus on complementary skills and inputs rather than automation as labor is displaced.