20250223-亚开行-人工智能和机器人对就业和劳动生产率的影响_来自韩国的企业级证据（英）-2025.2_23页_495kb

Implications of Artificial Intelligence and Robots for Employment and Labor Productivity

Firm-Level Evidence from the Republic of Korea

Overview

This study analyzes the effects of artificial intelligence (AI) and robots on employment and labor productivity using firm-level data from South Korea. Two key technologies have distinct impacts, and their combined use does not show significant synergy.

Key Findings

1. Employment Effects:

   • Both AI and robot adoption increase employment (both permanent and temporary).
   • Only AI adoption improves labor productivity, while robot adoption primarily creates temporary jobs.

2. Productivity Effects:

   • AI adoption increases labor productivity but reduces the labor share of income, indicating a shift toward capital.
   • Robot adoption does not significantly improve labor productivity.

3. Synergy:

   • The adoption of both technologies increases temporary employment but not permanent employment or labor productivity.

Limitations

• Effects vary by industry, firm size, and over time.
• Findings may not generalize to the entire economy due to input-output linkages and other factors.

Conclusion

AI and robots differently affect labor markets, with AI enhancing productivity but altering income distribution, while robots create short-term employment. Policymakers should consider industry-specific and firm-level implications.