世界银行-缺少可持续发展目标性别指标（英）-2023.8-37页_1mb

Summary of Missing SDG Gender Indicators

Background

This working paper analyzes the low coverage of gender-related Sustainable Development Goal (SDG) indicators. There are 231 SDG indicators globally, with 50 specifically related to gender. Countries reported on 31% of these gender indicators between 2016 and 2020, compared to an overall SDG coverage rate of 65%. The issue extends to Goal 5 indicators (14 out of 50), with only marginal improvement.

Key Findings

• Coverage Rates: Average gender indicator coverage is low (31% for at least one year between 2016-2020), with Tier 1 indicators (18 out of 50) showing slightly higher coverage at 51%. Underreporting is common, as sex-disaggregated data is often not reported even when underlying data exists.
• Root Causes: The problem is not primarily a lack of primary data collection but more about underreporting and insufficient processing of available data. Sex-disaggregation is nearly always feasible in household surveys, yet it is not consistently reported, potentially increasing coverage to 43% if improved.
• Statistical Systems: Better statistical performance (measured by the World Bank's Statistical Performance Indicators or SPI) is strongly correlated with higher SDG gender indicator availability. However, poorer countries do not lag behind high-income nations in gender indicator reporting, contrary to expectations.
• Regional Patterns: South Asia has the highest coverage (36%), while high-income countries show average reporting rates similar to other income groups. No clear regional disparities explain the gaps significantly beyond statistical strength.
• Over/Under Performance: Some countries perform exceptionally well or poorly relative to their SPI scores, indicating opportunities for targeted improvements without major system investments.

Recommendations

• Prioritize sex-disaggregation and consistent reporting of existing data to address low-hanging fruit.
• Use tools like a "Gender SPI" derived from current SPI metrics to monitor and enhance gender data tracking.
• Advocate for country-level efforts to boost gender data availability, as shown by the weak link between GDP per capita and coverage.
• Explore additional data sources beyond SDGs to complement reporting gaps.

The paper underscores that while statistical system improvements are crucial, quick wins through better processing and reporting can enhance SDG gender indicator coverage.