IRENA-可再生能源效益_利用当地能力进行集中太阳能发电（英）-2025.1_56页_4mb

Summary of "Renewable Energy Benefits: Leveraging Local Capacity for Concentrated Solar Power"

Core Content

This report by the International Renewable Energy Agency (IRENA) explores the potential of concentrated solar power (CSP) to drive economic growth, create jobs, and enhance energy security. It outlines the opportunities for value creation across the entire value chain of CSP projects, from planning and construction to operation, maintenance, and decommissioning. The analysis focuses on the role of local capacity in maximizing these benefits and includes case studies from Spain and South Africa to illustrate how domestic capabilities can be leveraged for CSP development.

Main Viewpoints

• CSP Growth Trends:

  • Global CSP capacity increased five-fold from 1.2 GW in 2010 to 6.4 GW in 2020, but growth has since leveled off.
  • The sector has seen advancements in technologies like parabolic trough (PT) and power tower (ST), with Spain and China leading in PT and ST respectively.
  • CSP is increasingly being integrated with other renewable technologies such as PV and wind to form hybrid systems, enhancing grid stability and flexibility.

• Value Creation Potential:

  • CSP can significantly contribute to job creation, with an estimated 1.16 million person-days required to build a 100 MW CSP plant with ten-hour thermal energy storage (TES).
  • The majority of jobs (79%) are in low- to medium-level technical roles, which can be developed through training and certification programs.
  • Job distribution is uneven across the value chain, with the largest share in engineering, procurement, and construction (EPC) and operation and maintenance (O&M).

• Socioeconomic Benefits:

  • CSP can provide substantial socio-economic benefits, including local economic value creation, enhanced industrial development, and improved livelihoods.
  • It can help import-dependent nations achieve greater energy security through grid stabilization and energy storage capabilities.
  • Strategic policy-making is essential to ensure that these benefits are widely distributed and support the long-term sustainability of renewable energy initiatives.

Key Information

Investment and Employment Projections

• To meet the Paris Agreement's energy transition objectives, global CSP capacity needs to reach 196.7 GW by 2030 and 872.6 GW by 2050.
• This would require cumulative investments of approximately USD 657 billion by 2030, followed by USD 1.83 trillion from 2030 to 2050.
• CSP could employ up to 767,000 people by 2050, a significant increase from 80,000 in 2022.

Value Chain Analysis

• Planning: Requires a range of technical and managerial skills, with a focus on project coordination and feasibility studies.
• EPC (Engineering, Procurement and Construction): Accounts for 46% of the workforce and involves a wide array of engineering, project management, and construction-related activities.
• Manufacturing: Requires 9% of the workforce and includes the production of key components such as mirrors, receivers, and thermal storage systems.
• Operation and Maintenance (O&M): Accounts for 42% of the workforce and involves ongoing technical and operational support.
• Decommissioning: Requires a smaller workforce but is still important for responsible project closure and environmental management.

Case Studies

• Spain:

  • Has been a pioneer in CSP, especially in parabolic trough (PT) technology.
  • Has built 44 operational CSP plants since 2008, with a strong focus on system balancing and storage.
  • The SWOT analysis highlights Spain's strengths in industry and research, as well as opportunities for local value creation.

• South Africa:

  • Has shown potential for CSP development, with projects like Redstone.
  • The country can leverage its existing renewable energy market and related industries to create value.
  • The SWOT analysis suggests that South Africa has opportunities for local content and community engagement but also faces challenges such as limited domestic manufacturing.

Policy and Strategic Recommendations

• Auctions are a key policy instrument for reducing CSP costs and maximizing value creation, as demonstrated by South Africa's 2011 auction that led to the commissioning of 500 MW of CSP by 2019.
• Local Content Requirements are crucial for ensuring that CSP projects contribute to the development of domestic industries.
• Strategic Policy Making is necessary to foster innovation, support workforce transition, and ensure that the socio-economic benefits of CSP are widely shared.

Conclusion

IRENA's report underscores the importance of leveraging local capacity for CSP development to achieve both economic and environmental benefits. By focusing on the entire value chain and utilizing existing skills and industries, countries can maximize job creation and local value generation while contributing to global climate goals. The report serves as a valuable resource for policymakers and industry stakeholders seeking to advance the deployment of CSP technologies in a sustainable and inclusive manner.