2025-02-09-IRENA-可再生能源效益_利用当地能力进行集中太阳能发电（英）_56页_4mb

RENEWABLE ENERGY BENEFITS: Leveraging Local Capacity for Concentrated Solar Power (IRENA)

This analysis explores the socio-economic potential of Concentrated Solar Power (CSP) technologies and their role in achieving sustainable energy transitions. The report assesses job creation and local value generation across the value chain (project planning, engineering, manufacturing, O&M, and decommissioning). It also highlights policy recommendations and case studies from Spain and South Africa.

1. Key Findings

• Market Growth: CSP capacity has grown fivefold from 1.2 GW in 2010 to ~6.4 GW by 2020. To align with the Paris Agreement, global capacity must reach 196.7 GW by 2030 and 872.6 GW by 2050, requiring investments of ~USD 657 billion by 2030 and ~USD 1.83 trillion thereafter.
• Job Creation: A 100 MW CSP plant with 10-hour TES capacity requires ~1.16 million person-days of labor, with ~79% of roles requiring low-to-medium technical skills. Opportunities exist in EPC (~46%) and O&M (~42%).
• Local Value: Countries without domestic manufacturing can still generate employment in EPC and O&M. Local supply chains and skill development are critical.
• Storage & Balancing: CSP’s thermal storage enhances grid stability and dispatchability, complementing variable renewables.

2. Value Chain Requirements

• Project Planning: Labor-intensive in engineering, site selection, and feasibility studies (e.g., DNI analysis). Requires STEM expertise but accessible in many workforces.
• Engineering, Procurement & Construction (EPC): Dominates labor allocation (46% total effort). Factory workers (~50% of labor) and technical staff are key, with local sourcing reducing costs.
• Manufacturing: High demand for materials like concrete (77% of ST plants) and steel. Local industries (e.g., automotive) can adapt to support CSP component production.
• O&M: Requires ongoing technical roles, accounting for ~22,721 person-days annually (80% fulfilled by local staff). Digital tools improve efficiency.
• Decommissioning: Labor-focused on disassembly (~69% of effort). Recycling materials and environmental remediation are key.

3. Case Studies

Spain

• Strengths: Ideal solar irradiance, strong manufacturing base (90% workforce local), and policy support (FiTs). Home to ~49 CSP plants.
• Challenges: High costs, unstable policies post-2012, and Limited R&D funding.
• SWOT:
  • Strengths: Leadership in CSP technology, skilled workforce.
  • Weaknesses: Political uncertainty, high local costs.
  • Opportunities: Export potential, carbon-neutral industrial heat provision.
  • Threats: Increased competition from other renewables.

South Africa

• Strengths: Abundant solar irradiance, established automotive industry.
• Challenges: Market momentum lost after 2019, high transport costs for imported components.
• SWOT:
  • Strengths: R&D capacity, potential for local manufacturing.
  • Weaknesses: Limited R&D funding, unstable policy support.
  • Opportunities: Exporting technology, partnerships with CSP leaders.

4. Policy Recommendations

1. Clear Targets: Set long-term renewable energy goals with specific dispatchable technology allocations.
2. Local Content: Mandate local supplier participation (~40% in South Africa) to boost domestic industry.
3. Financing: Provide concessional loans and tax incentives for CSP projects and R&D.
4. Training & Innovation: Align education with CSP skill demands; fund collaborative R&D programs.
5. Community Engagement: Involve local stakeholders in planning to ensure equitable benefits.

5. Conclusion

CSP deployment can drive significant socio-economic gains if supported by proactive policies, local supply chains, and workforce development. Strategic policy interventions, as outlined, can unlock its full potential for energy security and sustainable industrial growth.