2024-05-19-世界银行-也门贫困与公平评估_生活在恶劣条件下（英）_100页_26mb

Yemen Poverty and Equity Assessment 2024: Living in Dire Conditions

Key Findings

• Widespread Poverty: Yemen's poverty rate has surged, with estimates suggesting as many as 74% of Yemenis live in poverty, significantly higher than the pre-conflict rate of 49% in 2014. Poverty is multidimensional, combining monetary and non-monetary deprivations.

Political and Economic Context

-Nearly two decades of conflict have devastated Yemen's economy, shrinking GDP by half from 2011 to 2021. Key vulnerabilities include currency collapse (Yemeni Riyal lost ~75% of its value since 2015), reliance on aid, and diminishing public sector wages.

Food Insecurity

-Yemen ranks among the most food insecure countries globally (IPC Phase 3+ crisis or worse in >53% of districts). Poverty and access to food consumption scores worsened significantly from 2014 due to increased conflict and economic crisis.

Non-Monetary Dimensions of Poverty

-Access to basic services suffers greatly: electricity access dropped to ~15%, access to improved drinking water fell to ~48%, and malnutrition rates are alarmingly high (41% underweight, 49% stunted, 17% wasted among children).

Most Vulnerable Populations

-Vulnerable groups include internally displaced persons, female-headed households, rural households, wealth poor households, and households facing nutritional deprivations. Displacement often coincides with worse food and service access.

Living Conditions and Coping Strategies

-Yemenis increasingly lack traditional coping mechanisms to absorb shocks, with 45% resorting to destructive strategies like child labor/early marriage. Coping deficits are pronounced in both Houthi and IRG-controlled areas.

Conclusions & Recommendations

-Short-term priorities include rebuilding household buffers through asset restoration, improving cash transfer targeting, and strengthening data collection.
-Long-term priorities focus on human development, governance improvements, sustainable reconstruction, and addressing structural inequality through gender-responsive policies.
-Yemen faces grave intergenerational risks due to protracted conflict, with immediate humanitarian needs requiring sustained aid.

Statistical Challenges

-Yemen's statistical capacity severely degraded by conflict, limiting reliable national data. Mobile phone surveys represent a crucial alternative data source for monitoring.