2023-03-02-世界银行-从深处崛起_南苏丹的水安全与脆弱（英）_173页_9mb

Water Security and Fragility in South Sudan

South Sudan faces severe water security challenges exacerbated by climate change, conflict, and weak governance. Water insecurity negatively impacts health, nutrition, livelihoods, and economic development, disproportionately affecting women, girls, and displaced populations.

Key Findings:

• Flash floods and droughts annually displace hundreds of thousands.
• Only 41% of the population has basic drinking water access.
• 75% practice open defecation.
• Groundwater sustainability, equitable allocation, and early warning systems for disasters are major concerns.

Opportunities:

• Seasonal flooding and abundant water resources support livelihoods.
• Solar irrigation offers potential for expanding production.
• Customary institutions like chiefs and water committees address local needs.

Priority Areas & Recommendations:

1. Water Security for People: Improve access to safe water and sanitation.
2. Water Security for Production: Sustain flood-based livelihoods and enhance irrigation.
3. Water Security for Protection: Strengthen flood and drought management.
4. Policy & Institutional Frameworks: Ratify the Water Bill, develop an environmental and social framework.
5. Infrastructure Options: Use community-based storage and infrastructure suited to local conditions.

Guiding Principles:

• Inclusion: Involve communities and partners.
• Sequencing: Prioritize urgent reforms.
• Visibility: Ensure visible improvements to build trust.
• Conflict Sensitivity: Avoid exacerbating tensions.