2015年-IMF国际货币组织全球_Quota_Formula_110页_1mb

2015 IMF Quota Formula - Data Update - Statistical Appendix Summary

Core Content

This document outlines the data update and statistical appendix for the IMF Quota Formula, which was prepared by IMF staff and presented to the Executive Board in an informal session on July 10, 2015. It details the data sources, methodologies, and adjustments used in the quota calculations for all 188 IMF members, emphasizing the importance of transparency, data consistency, and international standards.

Main Points

A. Required Data

• GDP at market prices and PPP GDP (2011–2013): Used for quota calculations, with PPP GDP enabling cross-country comparisons by adjusting for price levels.
• Current receipts and payments (2001–2013): Include goods, services, primary income, secondary income, and capital account. These are used to calculate the openness of economies.
• Net capital flows (2001–2013): Reflect cross-border financial flows excluding reserve assets, exceptional financing, and IMF credit and loans.
• Official reserves: Composed of monetary gold, SDR holdings, reserve position in the Fund, and foreign exchange. Valued at SDR 35 per fine troy ounce for monetary gold.
• Data sources: IFS and WEO databases are the main sources. Where data were missing, estimates were made using WEO growth rates or other sources such as staff reports.

B. Selection of the Database

• Database attributes: Comprehensive, based on internationally accepted concepts, from official sources, and comparable across time and countries.
• Main data source: The Fund's central macroeconomic database, managed by STA using the DMXplus system.
• Data consistency: STA compiles data into long time series, ensuring consistency across countries and time periods.
• Data gaps: Some countries still use BPM5 reporting, which is converted to BPM6 format. For those not reporting, data are estimated using WEO or other sources.
• BPM6 changes: The 2014 WEO introduced BPM6, which includes several changes, such as the treatment of goods for processing, IIP coverage, and FDI reporting. These changes affect the calculation of openness and financial flows.

C. Data Availability and Adjustments

• Data sources breakdown:
  • For 2001–2013: 177 members provided IFS data, with some supplemented by WEO estimates.
  • For 2009–2013: 173 members provided IFS data, with 25 supplemented by WEO estimates.
• Missing data handling:
  • For countries not reporting to IFS, data were filled using staff reports, country desks, or repeated previous observations.
  • In cases of missing data, WEO growth rates were applied to the latest available IFS data to estimate missing values.
• Special cases:
  • Somalia: Data were estimated using its share in global GDP from the 11th Quota Review.
  • Syrian Arab Republic: 2010 data were repeated for 2011–2013 due to lack of reporting.
  • China: PPP GDP includes only China, P.R., and Hong Kong SAR.
• Conversion to SDRs: Data in USD were converted to SDRs using period-average exchange rates.

Key Information

• The document highlights the importance of using internationally accepted methodologies (such as BPM6 and 1993/2008 SNA) for data consistency and transparency.
• Errors and omissions are excluded from the variability measure to ensure accuracy and avoid misrepresentation.
• Financial account data are generally less comprehensive and accurate compared to other data series, due to practical and institutional challenges.
• The quota formula is based on a combination of GDP and openness measures, with the latter being affected by changes in data reporting frameworks.
• The updated quota shares are presented in Table A1, showing changes for various members, including the U.S., Japan, China, Germany, France, and others.

Tables and Boxes

• Table A1: Shows the distribution of quotas and calculated quota shares for various members, including post-Second Round, 14th General Review, 2008 Reform, and current (2013) values.
• Box A1: Discusses methodological issues in GDP and BOP data, including the impact of 1993 SNA and 2008 SNA revisions on GDP and openness measures.
• Box A2: Details changes introduced by BPM6, including the treatment of goods for processing, IIP coverage, FDI reporting, and SDR allocations.

Conclusion

The document provides a comprehensive overview of the data used in the IMF Quota Formula update, emphasizing the need for consistency, transparency, and alignment with international standards. It outlines the data sources, adjustments, and methodological changes that impact the calculation of quotas and openness measures, and presents updated quota shares for key members.