2017可再生能源与就业机会年度回顾（英文版）_22页_5mb

Summary of "Renewable Energy and Jobs – Annual Review 2017"

Core Content

The Renewable Energy and Jobs – Annual Review 2017 provides a comprehensive overview of employment trends in the global renewable energy sector in 2016. It highlights the growth of renewable energy jobs, the leading countries in employment, and the factors influencing job creation and loss. The report also discusses the gender dimension and regional disparities in the renewable energy labor market.

Key Employment Statistics

• Global Renewable Energy Employment: 9.8 million people in 2016, a 1.1% increase from 2015.
• Renewables Excluding Large Hydropower: 8.3 million jobs, up 2.8% in 2016.
• Solar PV: The largest employer with 3.1 million jobs, up 12% from 2015.
• Wind Energy: Employed 1.2 million people, a 7% increase in 2016.
• Large Hydropower: Employed 1.5 million direct jobs, with 60% in operation and maintenance.
• Biofuels: Employed over 1.7 million people, with a 2% increase in 2016.
• Solar Heating and Cooling: Employment declined by 12% to 0.8 million jobs.

Regional Employment Trends

• Asia remains the largest employer, accounting for 62% of global renewable energy jobs in 2016.
• China, Brazil, United States, India, Japan, and Germany are the leading job markets.
• Solar PV saw strong growth in China, United States, and India, while Japan and the European Union experienced job declines.

Technology-Specific Trends

Solar PV

• Global Growth: New installations increased by 50% in 2016, reaching 71 GW.
• China: Dominates the sector with over 50% of global solar PV jobs.
• United States: Employment increased by 24% to 242,000 jobs, driven by domestic manufacturing.
• Challenges: Falling costs and increased automation threaten manufacturers, particularly in the EU and India.

Wind Energy

• Global Growth: Wind employment increased by 7% to 1.2 million jobs.
• China: Led with 509,000 jobs, contributing 30% of global new installations.
• United States: Employment rose by 28% to 102,500 jobs, with a strong increase in manufacturing.
• Brazil: Employment declined by 21% to 32,400 jobs due to slower installations.
• Europe: Germany's offshore wind jobs grew by 10%, but total wind employment decreased by 4%.

Liquid Biofuels

• Global Employment: Over 1.7 million jobs, with Brazil having the largest share at 783,000.
• Decline in EU: Biofuel employment dropped by 8.6% in 2015.
• Indonesia: Biodiesel production rebounded in 2016, leading to a 15% increase in employment.

Solar Heating and Cooling

• Global Employment: Declined by 12% to 0.8 million jobs.
• China: Employment dropped to 690,000 jobs.
• Brazil: Declined by 3% in 2015, with 43,400 jobs in 2016.
• India: Employment estimates have decreased due to reduced domestic manufacturing involvement.

Large Hydropower

• Global Employment: 1.52 million direct jobs in 2016, down 7% from 2015.
• China: Share of large hydropower jobs fell from 37% in 2013 to 21% in 2016.
• India, Brazil, Russia, and Vietnam: These countries account for 62% of global large hydropower employment.
• O&M Jobs: Represent 60% of total employment in large hydropower.

Factors Influencing Employment

• Falling Costs and Supportive Policies: Drive job creation in solar PV and wind.
• Automation and Mechanisation: Reduce labor demand in manufacturing and installation.
• Policy Changes: Such as feed-in tariff cuts in the UK and EU, led to a rush to complete projects before policy changes.
• Trade Policies: Impact employment, with US and EU tariffs affecting Chinese manufacturers.

Gender and Employment

• Gender Discrimination: Less pronounced in the renewable energy sector compared to the broader energy industry.
• Actions for Improvement: Include mentorship, training, support for parenting, and diversity targets.
• US Solar Industry: Women’s share increased from 19% in 2013 to 28% in 2016, with the highest representation in sales and distribution at 33.8%.

Future Outlook

• Job Growth Potential: Wind energy could reach 3 million jobs by 2030 and 4 million by 2050.
• China's Commitment: Plans to invest USD 360 billion in renewables by 2020, potentially creating 13 million jobs.
• Global Wind Employment: Could double to 2.4 million by 2030 under favorable policies.

Conclusion

Despite a moderation in growth rates compared to previous years, the renewable energy sector continues to create jobs, outperforming traditional energy sectors in many regions. Asia remains the dominant region for employment, while challenges such as automation and policy shifts affect job creation in certain countries. The report underscores the need for continued supportive policies and efforts to address gender disparities in the sector.