深度-世界经济论坛-在印度大规模部署可持续航空燃料：明天的清洁天空（英文）-2021.6-62页_7mb

Summary of "Deploying Sustainable Aviation Fuels at Scale in India: A Clean Skies for Tomorrow Publication"

Core Content

This report outlines the potential for India to become a global leader in sustainable aviation fuel (SAF) production, focusing on the economic, environmental, and social benefits of scaling SAF. It also presents a strategic roadmap for achieving the 2030 target of transporting 100 million domestic passengers using SAF at a 10% blend.

Main Views

• India's Aviation Growth: India is projected to become the world's third-largest aviation market by 2024. Despite its current small contribution to national emissions (less than 1%), the sector is growing rapidly and may become a larger proportion of total emissions if other sectors do not decarbonize.

• SAF as a Key Solution: Sustainable aviation fuel is seen as a critical pathway to achieving net-zero emissions in the aviation sector by 2050. It can be synthesized from various renewable feedstocks and is already being used in test flights and by the Indian Air Force.

• Economic and Social Benefits: Scaling SAF production in India could lead to significant macroeconomic returns, including job creation, increased farmer incomes, improved waste management, and enhanced air quality. It also supports the goal of energy self-reliance and aligns with the government's "Atmanirbhar Bharat" (self-reliant India) and "Swacch Bharat" (Clean India) initiatives.

• Technology and Feedstocks: Several SAF production pathways are available, including HEFA, Alcohol-to-Jet, Gasification/Fischer-Tropsch, and Power-to-Liquid (PtL). India has abundant feedstocks such as used cooking oil, agricultural residues, and municipal solid waste, which can support SAF production at scale.

• Policy and Collaboration: The report emphasizes the need for a supportive policy framework, collaboration between government and private sectors, and the development of a robust supply chain. It suggests three scenarios for cost-sharing: government funding, customer funding, and joint cost models.

Key Information

SAF Production Pathways

• Hydro-processed esters and fatty acids (HEFA): Primarily from used cooking oil.
• Alcohol-to-jet (AtJ): Utilizes agricultural residues and surplus sugar streams.
• Gasification/Fischer-Tropsch (GAS-FT): Uses municipal solid waste and agricultural residues.
• Power-to-liquid (PtL): Leverages renewable electricity and CO₂ from industrial sources.

Feedstock Availability

• Over 166 million tons of feedstocks are available annually in India, including used cooking oil, municipal solid waste, sugar streams, and agricultural residues.
• These feedstocks could yield more than 22 million tons of SAF annually, according to expert analysis.

SAF Economics

• SAF is currently 200–500% more expensive than fossil jet fuel in India, depending on the pathway and feedstock.
• Producing 360,000 tons of SAF for a 10% blend by 2030 would require bridging a cost gap of over $335 million.

2030 Target

• The goal is to transport 100 million domestic passengers using SAF at a 10% blend by 2030.
• This translates to a need for approximately 360,000 metric tons of SAF.

Policy and Collaboration

• The Indian government should consider SAF as an alternative or complement to CORSIA standards.
• A collaborative approach involving cities, states, national regulators, refinery owners, investors, fuel vendors, airlines, and customers is essential for the full transition to SAF.
• The Clean Skies for Tomorrow (CST) initiative brings together stakeholders to develop a blueprint for SAF deployment.

Sustainability Criteria

• SAF producers must adhere to strict sustainability criteria for feedstocks and energy inputs.
• Certification through frameworks like RSB and ISCC is crucial for ensuring transparency and environmental integrity.
• Careful consideration of land use and crop choice is necessary to avoid negative impacts on local ecosystems and groundwater.

Conclusion

India is well-positioned to lead in the development of a sustainable aviation fuel industry, given its renewable energy potential, feedstock availability, and growing aviation market. The CST initiative provides a strategic framework for achieving the 2030 SAF target, with a focus on collaboration, policy support, and sustainable practices. The report highlights the importance of SAF in the global effort to decarbonize aviation and aligns with the UN Sustainable Development Goals, offering a pathway for India to become a global leader in this emerging sector.