陆生动物源性食品供需驱动因素报告_196页_14mb

Summary of Drivers of supply and demand of terrestrial animal source food

Core Content

This document, published by the Food and Agriculture Organization (FAO) in 2026, provides an evidence and policy overview on the drivers of supply and demand of terrestrial animal source food (TASF), including milk and dairy products, eggs, and meat. It is structured into three main sections: the food environment, trends in supply and demand, and a review of the evidence and policy documents.

The document emphasizes the importance of TASF in addressing global malnutrition, as they provide essential nutrients such as high-quality protein, vitamins, and minerals. It highlights the need for sustainable agrifood systems that support both human and planetary health, while also addressing the challenges faced by the livestock sector, including environmental issues, animal health, and social equity.

Main Viewpoints

1. Food Environment Framework

• The food environment is defined as the set of physical, economic, social, and cultural factors that influence food availability, access, and consumption.
• It is divided into two domains:
  • External Domain: Includes availability, price, vendor/product properties, and marketing/regulation.
  • Personal Domain: Includes accessibility, affordability, convenience, and desirability.
• The external domain influences production and supply, while the personal domain affects demand and consumption patterns.

2. Trends in Supply and Demand

• Global supply of TASF (milk, dairy, eggs, and meat) has increased significantly since 1961.
• Per capita supply growth was primarily driven by eggs, poultry meat, and pig meat.
• Bovine meat and offal have shown little change or decline in per capita availability.
• TASF is more expensive in low- and middle-income countries, particularly in sub-Saharan Africa and South Asia.
• Food loss and waste account for approximately 14% of TASF globally, with high perishability and inadequate cold chain infrastructure being major contributors, especially in low- and middle-income countries.
• Trade and economic factors, such as GDP per capita, strongly influence TASF consumption and affordability.

3. Evidence Gaps and Research Needs

• Most studies (127) on food environments focus on high-income countries, with the majority from the United States.
• Research on low- and middle-income countries is limited, with only 15 studies from low-income countries.
• There is a lack of comprehensive studies on the personal domain of the food environment, particularly in relation to TASF.
• Studies in low- and middle-income countries tend to focus on desirability, such as taste, cultural practices, and awareness, but rarely address marketing and regulation.
• The role of small-scale livestock production in improving nutrition is underexplored, despite its potential in vulnerable communities.
• The interaction between gender norms and TASF acquisition and consumption is an under-researched area, although some studies have begun to highlight this.

Key Information

4. Policy and Legislative Landscape

• A total of 574 policy and legislative documents were analyzed using the Turner et al. (2018) framework.
• Most documents (570) focus on the external domain, with only four addressing the personal domain, all of which emphasize affordability.
• Milk and dairy products are the most frequently addressed category of TASF in policy documents, accounting for 20% of the reviewed materials.
• There is a need for more policy attention on the personal domain, particularly in low- and middle-income countries, to address affordability, accessibility, and desirability.
• The document identifies the importance of integrating research findings into policy development to improve the role of TASF in sustainable development and nutrition.

Conclusion

This assessment supports the FAO Committee on Agriculture (COAG) in understanding how to optimize the role of livestock in achieving the 2030 Agenda for Sustainable Development. It underscores the importance of addressing both supply-side and demand-side factors in the food environment to ensure equitable and sustainable access to TASF. The review highlights the need for more research and policy development, particularly in low- and middle-income countries, to better understand and support the consumption of TASF in diverse contexts.